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Related Concept Videos

Testosterone: Functions and Regulation01:26

Testosterone: Functions and Regulation

The intricate hormonal interplay essential for male reproductive health begins with the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by the hypothalamus. This hormone prompts the pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). LH targets the Leydig cells in the testes, stimulating them to produce and release testosterone. In concert with testosterone, FSH acts on the Sertoli cells within the seminiferous tubules to facilitate the release of...
Testes: Histology01:27

Testes: Histology

A tough, fibrous membrane, the tunica albuginea, covers the testes, extending inward to form fibrous partitions or septa, dividing them into internal compartments called lobules. Each lobule has 1 to 3 tightly coiled seminiferous tubules where sperm production occurs. These tubules merge into a tubular network at the back of the testis, known as the rete testis. It connects to 15 to 20 efferent ductules, leading to the epididymis.
The spermatogenic cells, responsible for producing sperm, are...
Infertility in Males01:23

Infertility in Males

Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
Disorders of the Male Reproductive System01:20

Disorders of the Male Reproductive System

Men's health issues are increasingly recognized as significant, with several conditions posing common threats. Among these, testicular cancer is especially prevalent in younger men, particularly those aged 20 to 35 years. The disease often manifests as a painless mass in the testicles, sometimes accompanied by a sensation of heaviness or a dull ache.
Prostate disorders are another major concern. These conditions can impair urinary flow due to the prostate's location around the urethra. Symptoms...
The Y Chromosome Determines Maleness02:19

The Y Chromosome Determines Maleness

The Y chromosome is a sex chromosome found in several vertebrates and mammals, including humans. In addition to 22 pairs of autosomes, the human males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. In these organisms, the presence or absence of the Y chromosome determines the development of male traits.
Evolution
Around 300 million years ago, the two sex chromosomes diverged from two identical autosomal chromosomes. Over time, the Y chromosome has lost most of its genes, shrinking in size. Today,...
Spermatogenesis01:41

Spermatogenesis

Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male reproductive...

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Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Isolation of Sertoli Cells and Peritubular Cells from Rat Testes
11:11

Isolation of Sertoli Cells and Peritubular Cells from Rat Testes

Published on: February 8, 2016

Testicular dysgenesis syndrome and Leydig cell function.

Ulla Nordström Joensen1, Niels Jørgensen, Ewa Rajpert-De Meyts

  • 1University Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej, Copenhagen, Denmark. ulla.nordstroem.joensen@rh.regionh.dk

Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology
|January 30, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Male fertility is declining due to decreased semen quality, potentially linked to testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS). Leydig cell dysfunction and low testosterone may play a key role in TDS development.

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Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Isolation of Sertoli Cells and Peritubular Cells from Rat Testes
11:11

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Published on: February 8, 2016

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Extra Cellular Matrix-Based and Extra Cellular Matrix-Free Generation of Murine Testicular Organoids

Published on: October 7, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Declining human fertility rates in Western countries suggest reduced male fecundity.
  • Testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS) is a hypothesized condition linked to impaired testicular development and function, including testicular cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the hypothesis that decreasing semen quality is associated with testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS).
  • To present evidence on the role of Leydig cell dysfunction and subsequent decreased testosterone levels in the pathogenesis of TDS.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing scientific literature and evidence from animal models and human studies.
  • Analysis of the proposed link between lifestyle factors, endocrine disruptors, and TDS.

Main Results:

  • Growing evidence implicates lifestyle factors and endocrine disruptors as risk factors for TDS.
  • Leydig cell dysfunction leading to decreased testosterone is emerging as a significant factor in TDS pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Decreasing male fecundity may be explained by TDS.
  • Further research into Leydig cell function and endocrine disruptors is warranted to understand and potentially mitigate declining male fertility.