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Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.

DNA Packaging

DNA Packaging

DNA Packaging

DNA Packaging

DNA as a Genetic Template

DNA as a Genetic Template

Two structural features of the DNA molecule provide a basis for the mechanisms of heredity: the four nucleotide bases and its double-stranded nature. The Watson-Crick model of double-helical DNA structure, proposed in 1952, drew heavily upon the X-ray crystallography work of researchers Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in 1962. Franklin was, controversially, excluded from the prize for...

DNA as a Genetic Template

DNA as a Genetic Template

Two structural features of the DNA molecule provide a basis for the mechanisms of heredity: the four nucleotide bases and its double-stranded nature. The Watson-Crick model of double-helical DNA structure, proposed in 1952, drew heavily upon the X-ray crystallography work of researchers Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in 1962. Franklin was, controversially, excluded from the prize for...

Genome Annotation and Assembly

Genome Annotation and Assembly

The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Getting an A with the 3Cs: Chromosome Conformation Capture for Undergraduates

Getting an A with the 3Cs: Chromosome Conformation Capture for Undergraduates

Published on: May 12, 2023

Anchoring the genome.

Diego Ottaviani¹, Elliott Lever, Petros Takousis

¹Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3PX, UK.

|January 30, 2008

Summary

Specific DNA sequences anchor to the nuclear matrix, organizing higher-order chromatin folding. These genome anchors regulate gene expression and DNA replication, impacting disease.

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genetics
Cell Biology

Background:

Chromosomal architecture principles remain largely unresolved.
Higher-order chromatin folding is critical for genome organization.
Evidence suggests specific DNA sequences anchor to the nuclear matrix.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of genome anchors in higher-order chromatin folding.
To understand the regulatory functions of genome anchors in gene expression and DNA replication.

Main Methods:

Analysis of DNA-nuclear matrix interactions.
Studies on gene expression regulation by anchoring sequences.
Investigation of DNA replication timing associated with anchors.

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Assembly of Nucleosomal Arrays from Recombinant Core Histones and Nucleosome Positioning DNA

Assembly of Nucleosomal Arrays from Recombinant Core Histones and Nucleosome Positioning DNA

Published on: September 10, 2013

Deciphering High-Resolution 3D Chromatin Organization via Capture Hi-C

Deciphering High-Resolution 3D Chromatin Organization via Capture Hi-C

Published on: October 14, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Getting an A with the 3Cs: Chromosome Conformation Capture for Undergraduates

Getting an A with the 3Cs: Chromosome Conformation Capture for Undergraduates

Published on: May 12, 2023

Assembly of Nucleosomal Arrays from Recombinant Core Histones and Nucleosome Positioning DNA

Assembly of Nucleosomal Arrays from Recombinant Core Histones and Nucleosome Positioning DNA

Published on: September 10, 2013

Deciphering High-Resolution 3D Chromatin Organization via Capture Hi-C

Deciphering High-Resolution 3D Chromatin Organization via Capture Hi-C

Published on: October 14, 2022

Main Results:

Specific DNA sequences (genome anchors) mediate higher-order chromatin folding.
Genome anchors are crucial regulators of gene expression.
These anchors also play a role in DNA replication.

Conclusions:

Genome anchors are key structural and functional elements of the genome.
Understanding genome anchors can provide insights into pathogenesis and disease.