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Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System

Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System

The limbic system, often called the "emotional brain," is a complex set of structures located deep within the brain. The intricate network of the limbic system supports a wide range of psychological functions, from emotional regulation to memory formation and sensory processing. This functional brain region encompasses specific parts of the diencephalon and the cerebrum, integrating the higher mental functions of the cerebral cortex with the primitive emotional responses of the deep brain...

Diencephalon: Anatomical Regions

Diencephalon: Anatomical Regions

The diencephalon, etymologically translated as 'through brain,' plays an integral role as the conduit between the cerebrum and the vast extent of the nervous system. However, the olfactory system is an exception, as it interfaces directly with the cerebrum. The diencephalon, deeply ensconced beneath the cerebrum, primarily consists of three paired structures — the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithelamus. It also includes accessory structures such as the subthalamus, which houses the subthalamic...

Diencephalon: Hypothalamus and Coordination

Diencephalon: Hypothalamus and Coordination

The hypothalamus is a small yet highly complex and essential brain region that plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions. Anatomically, it is located at the base of the brain, just above the brainstem and below the thalamus, forming part of the limbic system.
The hypothalamus interacts with other brain regions, including the pituitary gland, through a direct physical connection called the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. The hypothalamus receives somatic and visceral inputs and...

The Arch of Aorta

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Diencephalon: Thalamus and Information Relay

Diencephalon: Thalamus and Information Relay

The thalamus, often called “the gateway to the cerebral cortex,” is vital in processing and directing sensory and motor signals throughout the brain. Almost all inputs destined for the cerebral cortex, except for olfactory signals, are relayed through the thalamus. The thalamus is a sophisticated relay station, channeling information from various brain regions to the cerebral cortex, as well as a filter, prioritizing certain signals over others based on current physiological states or needs.

Arteries of the Head and Neck

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The human body's intricate network of arteries ensures that every organ system receives the necessary oxygen and nutrients for optimal function. The arterial network in the head and neck region is particularly complex, providing vital blood flow to the brain, eyes, and other critical structures. Prominent arteries in this region include the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries.
The internal carotid arteries supply blood to the anterior portion of the cerebrum. They enter the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

Published on: June 2, 2014

Migraine and the limbic system: closing the circle.

C Philip O'Carroll¹

¹Newport Beach Headache Institute, Newport Beach, CA, USA. pocarr5739@aol.com

Psychopharmacology Bulletin

|January 30, 2008

Summary

Psychiatry and neurology are merging, challenging the mind-brain divide. Understanding the integrated psyche and soma is crucial for unraveling complex human pathologies like chronic pain.

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Psychiatry
Neurology

Background:

A persistent gap exists between psychiatry (mind) and neurology (brain).
Functional neuroimaging blurs this separation, yet the disciplines are often viewed as distinct.
Migraine and limbic pain research challenge the traditional dichotomy of psyche and soma.

Purpose of the Study:

To advocate for a new model integrating the psyche and soma.
To emphasize the need for a unified understanding of brain manifestations.
To address the complexity of chronic pain and its behavioral components.

Main Methods:

Review of existing research on migraine and limbic pain.
Analysis of the interplay between emotional issues and chronic headache.

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Modeling Neural Immune Signaling of Episodic and Chronic Migraine Using Spreading Depression In Vitro

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

Published on: June 2, 2014

Dural Stimulation and Periorbital von Frey Testing in Mice As a Preclinical Model of Headache

Dural Stimulation and Periorbital von Frey Testing in Mice As a Preclinical Model of Headache

Published on: July 29, 2021

Modeling Neural Immune Signaling of Episodic and Chronic Migraine Using Spreading Depression In Vitro

Modeling Neural Immune Signaling of Episodic and Chronic Migraine Using Spreading Depression In Vitro

Published on: June 13, 2011

Exploration of the limbic system's role in pain sensitization.

Main Results:

Chronic headache involves complex interactions between biomedical and behavioral factors.
Emotional trauma and abuse can sensitize the limbic system, amplifying pain.
Viktor Frankl's model highlights the interdependence of psyche and soma.

Conclusions:

A new model, "one brain, multiple manifestations," is needed.
Integrating psyche and soma is essential for understanding human pathologies.
Transformed understanding of the integrated psyche and soma is key for neuroscientists.