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Anchoring Junctions

Anchoring Junctions

Anchoring junctions are multiprotein complexes that help cells connect to other cells and the extracellular matrix. Anchoring junctions are present on the lateral and basal surfaces of cells, providing strong and flexible connections. Focal adhesions are often formed due to cell interactions with the ECM substrata, which initiate signal transduction via kinase cascades and other mechanisms. Together, they provide stability and tissue integrity. There are three types of anchoring junctions:...

Integrins

Integrins

Animal and protozoan cells do not have cell walls to help maintain shape and provide structural stability. Instead, these eukaryotic cells secrete a sticky mass of carbohydrates and proteins into the spaces between adjacent cells. This network of proteins and molecules is called an extracellular matrix or ECM.
Some ECM proteins assemble into a basement membrane to which the remaining components adhere. Proteoglycans typically form the bulk of the ECM while fibrous proteins, like collagen,...

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits. Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...

Adherens Junctions

Adherens Junctions

Strong contact points between adjacent cells anchor them to each other, forming tissues. Such anchoring junctions are of two types – adherens junctions and desmosomes. Adherens junctions are abundant in tissues such as epithelium and endothelium, forming a continuous zone of adhesion called the adhesion belt. In other tissues, such as heart muscle, they appear as clusters, linking the cells to produce coordinated heart muscle contraction.
Adherens Junctions are Dynamic
The endothelial cells...

Lipids as Anchors

Lipids as Anchors

In the plasma membrane, the lipids forming the bilayer can also act as an anchor to tether proteins to the membrane. The three main types of lipid anchors found in eukaryotes are – prenyl groups, fatty acyl groups, and glycosylphosphatidylinositol or GPI groups. Prenyl and fatty acyl groups act as anchors on the cytosolic surface of the membrane, whereas GPI anchors proteins on the extracellular side.
The carboxy-terminal of most of the prenylated proteins, such as Ras proteins, contains the...

Overview of the Vascular System

Overview of the Vascular System

The vascular system comprises an extensive network of arteries, capillaries, and veins. The vascular system can be broadly divided into the blood and lymphatic systems. Typically, blood vessels can be categorized into three histological regions: tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia. The tunica intima consists of a single layer of endothelial cells attached to the basal lamina. Underlying the basal lamina is a connective tissue layer and an elastic lamina that gives stability and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Wet Chemistry and Peptide Immobilization on Polytetrafluoroethylene for Improved Cell-adhesion

Wet Chemistry and Peptide Immobilization on Polytetrafluoroethylene for Improved Cell-adhesion

Published on: August 15, 2016

Endothelial cells anchoring by functionalized yeast polypeptide.

Jie Xu¹, Xiaolin Zhou, Haiyan Ge

¹Department of General Surgery, Shanghai No.10 People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.

Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part A

|January 30, 2008

Summary

Modified yeast polypeptides self-assemble into nanofibers, enhancing endothelial cell adhesion and function for vascular tissue engineering. These biomaterials offer robust structures and cell-enrichment capabilities.

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Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Wet Chemistry and Peptide Immobilization on Polytetrafluoroethylene for Improved Cell-adhesion

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Published on: August 15, 2016

Optimizing Attachment of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Poly(ε-caprolactone) Electrospun Yarns

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Quantitation of Endothelial Cell Adhesiveness In Vitro

Quantitation of Endothelial Cell Adhesiveness In Vitro

Published on: June 18, 2015

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Tissue Engineering
Cell Biology

Background:

Developing biomaterials that mimic basement membrane is crucial for endothelial cell immobilization and proliferation in engineered tissues.
Existing materials often lack the specific anchoring and signaling functions required for effective cell integration.

Purpose of the Study:

To engineer a self-assembling polypeptide biomaterial for enhanced endothelial cell adhesion and function in vascular tissue engineering.
To create a non-infectious, beta-sheet forming polypeptide scaffold with integrated functional motifs.

Main Methods:

A modified polypeptide from yeast translation termination factor protein was designed, incorporating a laminin I motif (YIGSR).
Self-assembly into nanofibers was confirmed using circular dichroism (CD) and molecular dynamics simulations.
The polypeptide's performance as a 3D hydrogel coating was evaluated in static and dynamic (bioreactor) culture systems for vascular tissue engineering.

Main Results:

The modified polypeptide self-assembled into beta-sheet rich nanofibers, forming a 3D porous hydrogel.
The hydrogel scaffold improved endothelial cell morphology and monolayer confluency in static culture.
In a dynamic bioreactor, the scaffold anchored 3-fold more endothelial cells, which maintained normal nitric oxide release function.

Conclusions:

Prion-derived polypeptides demonstrate significant self-assembling and functional motif integrating capacities.
These polypeptides can be utilized to construct biomaterials with robust porous structures and cell-enriching functionalities for tissue engineering applications.