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Related Concept Videos

UV–Vis Spectrum01:30

UV–Vis Spectrum

When light passes through a substance, a portion of the light is absorbed while the remaining light is reflected or transmitted. If the molecule absorbs light between the wavelengths of 180–400 nm range, the UV spectrum is obtained, and if it absorbs light in the 400–780 nm wavelength range, the visible spectrum is obtained.     
The UV–Vis spectrum of a molecule is the plot of its absorbance versus wavelength. The plot is drawn by taking molar absorptivity (ε) or log ε on the y-axis (ordinate)...
Photoluminescence: Fluorescence and Phosphorescence01:23

Photoluminescence: Fluorescence and Phosphorescence

Photoluminescence is a process where a molecule absorbs light energy and re-emits it in the form of light. This phenomenon occurs when a substance absorbs photons, promoting its electrons to higher energy level excited states, followed by a relaxation process in which the electrons return to their original ground state energy levels and emit light. Photoluminescence is widely observed in various materials, including semiconductors, and organic and inorganic compounds.
A pair of electrons in a...
Fluorescence and Phosphorescence: Instrumentation01:25

Fluorescence and Phosphorescence: Instrumentation

Fluorometers and spectrofluorometers are two types of instruments used for measuring molecular fluorescence. These instruments differ in how they select excitation and emission wavelengths and the type of light sources they utilize. Fluorometers use absorption interference filters to choose excitation and emission wavelengths. The excitation source in a fluorometer is typically a low-pressure mercury vapor lamp that emits intense lines distributed throughout the ultraviolet and visible regions.
Variables Affecting Phosphorescence and Fluorescence01:26

Variables Affecting Phosphorescence and Fluorescence

Fluorescence and phosphorescence are essential phenomena in fields like analytical chemistry, biological imaging, and materials science, where they detect molecular properties and visualize cellular structures. Understanding the variables that influence these luminescent behaviors is crucial for maximizing accuracy and efficiency in their applications. These variables can broadly be grouped into chemical structure, solvent properties, and external conditions, each playing a distinct role in...
UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Systems01:32

UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Systems

Organic compounds with conjugated double bonds show strong absorption features in the UV–visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum attributed to π → π* electronic excitations. Generally, a UV–vis absorption spectrum is recorded as a plot of absorbance vs wavelength. The wavelength of maximum absorbance, which manifests as a peak in the absorption spectrum, is denoted as λmax.
One of the factors influencing λmax is the extent of conjugation in the...
Atomic Spectroscopy: Absorption, Emission, and Fluorescence01:23

Atomic Spectroscopy: Absorption, Emission, and Fluorescence

Atomic spectroscopy is a vital tool in elemental analysis, both qualitatively and quantitatively. It can be broadly divided into optical spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and X-ray spectroscopy methods. The optical spectroscopic methods are atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), and atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS). The first step in all three methods is atomization, where the solid, liquid, or solution-phase samples are converted into gas-phase atoms and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

High Precision FRET at Single-molecule Level for Biomolecule Structure Determination
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High Precision FRET at Single-molecule Level for Biomolecule Structure Determination

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Absorption and emission maxima for common fluorophores.

B Herman1

  • 1University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.

Current Protocols in Cell Biology
|January 30, 2008
PubMed
Summary

This study provides absorption and emission wavelengths for common cell biology fluorophores. This data aids in experimental design and selecting optimal filters for fluorescence microscopy.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Microscopy
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Fluorophores are essential tools in cell biology for visualizing cellular structures and processes.
  • Accurate spectral data is critical for multiplexing fluorophores and avoiding signal overlap.
  • Selecting appropriate filters is crucial for maximizing signal-to-noise ratio in fluorescence imaging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compile a comprehensive list of absorption and emission maximum wavelengths for frequently used fluorophores in cell biology.
  • To provide researchers with essential spectral information for experimental planning.
  • To guide the selection of optical filters for fluorescence microscopy applications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and data compilation of spectral properties for common fluorophores.

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  • Standardization of wavelength units and reporting formats.
  • Cross-referencing data from multiple sources to ensure accuracy.

    • Main Results:

    • A curated list of maximum absorption and emission wavelengths for numerous fluorophores.
    • Categorization of fluorophores based on spectral characteristics.
    • Identification of potential spectral overlaps for commonly used fluorophore combinations.

    Conclusions:

    • The provided spectral data serves as a valuable resource for cell biologists.
    • This information facilitates the rational design of fluorescence-based experiments.
    • Optimal filter selection based on fluorophore properties enhances imaging quality.