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Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Cardiac Magnetic Resonance for the Evaluation of Suspected Cardiac Thrombus: Conventional and Emerging Techniques
Published on: June 11, 2019
ACUT2E TSE-SSFP: a hybrid method for T2-weighted imaging of edema in the heart
Anthony H Aletras1, Peter Kellman, J Andrew Derbyshire
1Laboratory of Cardiac Energetics, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health/DHHS, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. aletrasa@nhlbi.nih.gov
Abstract:
ACUT(2)E TSE-SSFP is a hybrid between steady state free precession (SSFP) and turbo spin echo (TSE) for bright-blood T2-weighted imaging with signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) similar to dark-blood TSE. TSE-SSFP uses a segmented SSFP readout during diastole with 180 degrees pulses following a 90 degrees preparation. The 180 degrees refocusing pulses make TSE-SSFP similar to TSE but TSE-SSFP uses gradient moment nulling, whereas TSE uses gradient crushing. TSE-SSFP produced T2-weighted images with minimal T1 weighting. TSE-SSFP and TSE had similar SNR (155.9 +/- 6.0 vs 160.9 +/- 7.0; P = NS) for acute myocardial infarction (MI) and twice the SNR of T2-prepared SSFP (73.1 +/- 3.4, P < 0.001). TSE-SSFP and TSE had approximately double the CNR of T2-prepared SSFP for differentiating acute MI from normal myocardium. Imperfect blood suppression, present in all animals on some TSE images, was a problem eliminated by TSE-SSFP and T2-prepared SSFP.
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