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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Community Ecology
  • Insect Ecology

Background:

  • Apparent competition, where species interact via a shared enemy, is theoretically important but lacks field validation in metacommunity structure.
  • Two planthopper species, Delphacodes scolochloa and Prokelisia crocea, inhabit prairie potholes but feed on different plants, interacting indirectly.
  • Shared egg parasitoids (Anagrus nigriventris and A. columbi) are suspected mediators of apparent competition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally test for apparent competition between D. scolochloa and P. crocea mediated by shared egg parasitoids.
  • To assess the impact of apparent competition on the local community structure of planthoppers.
  • To determine the role of higher trophic levels in metacommunity dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted field experiments manipulating planthopper densities in prairie potholes.
  • Monitored planthopper densities and parasitism rates across experimental treatments.
  • Assessed the persistence of P. crocea populations in relation to D. scolochloa presence.

Main Results:

  • Increased D. scolochloa density led to decreased P. crocea density and increased P. crocea parasitism.
  • Increased P. crocea density did not affect D. scolochloa density or parasitism.
  • P. crocea populations persisted less in proximity to D. scolochloa due to higher parasitism rates.

Conclusions:

  • Provides clear evidence of apparent competition between D. scolochloa and P. crocea mediated by shared parasitoids.
  • Shared parasitoids significantly influence local community membership and planthopper population dynamics.
  • Metacommunity research must incorporate higher trophic levels to accurately reflect ecological interactions.