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Related Concept Videos

Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
28.2K
EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research01:21

EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research

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Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are excellent models for disease research because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into most cell types. Somatic cells from a patient are isolated and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs. These iPSCs are later differentiated into the desired cell type, which mirrors the diseased cell of the patient. In this way, disease models have been created for investigating diseases such as Down syndrome, type I diabetes,...
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Stem Cell Culture01:17

Stem Cell Culture

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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Human embryonic stem cells: preclinical perspectives.

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Human embryonic stem cell (hESC) therapies show promise for treating diseases but face significant hurdles. Advancing hESC research requires overcoming derivation, maintenance, and clinical challenges for safe therapeutic translation.

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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Regenerative medicine
  • Translational research

Background:

  • Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) hold significant therapeutic potential for various diseases and injuries.
  • Despite extensive discussion, clinical translation of hESC-based therapies remains limited due to safety and efficacy concerns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current state and future prospects of hESC-based therapies.
  • To identify key challenges in translating hESC research from laboratory to clinical applications.
  • To highlight necessary technological advancements for safe clinical implementation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on hESC derivation, maintenance, and differentiation.
  • Analysis of challenges in clinical translation, including patient-specific cell lines and post-transplantation uncertainties.
  • Brief description of cell types derived from hESCs and their success in animal models.

Main Results:

  • Directed differentiation of hESCs has yielded cell types successfully used in animal models.
  • Significant hurdles exist in hESC derivation, laboratory maintenance, and clinical application.
  • Patient-specific cell lines, gender, cell age, and transplantation uncertainties pose major challenges.

Conclusions:

  • hESC-based therapies face substantial obstacles in clinical translation.
  • Technological advancements are crucial for the safe and effective transition of hESC therapies from bench to bedside.
  • Further research is needed to address safety, efficacy, and logistical challenges for widespread clinical use.