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Tuberculosis exposure in HIV-exposed infants in a high-prevalence setting

M F Cotton1, H S Schaaf, G Lottering

  • 1Department of Paediatrics and Child Health and Children's Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Unit (KID-CRU), Tygerberg Children's Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa. mcot@sun.ac.za

The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease : the Official Journal of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
|January 31, 2008
PubMed

Insights

Tuberculosis (TB) exposure was assessed in 766 HIV-exposed infants. Over 10% had TB contact, highlighting the need for integrated TB screening within HIV programs for early detection and prevention.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • HIV-exposed infants are vulnerable to opportunistic infections, including tuberculosis (TB).
  • Early identification of TB exposure in infants is crucial for timely intervention and preventing disease progression.
  • Existing HIV prevention programs offer a potential platform for TB screening.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) exposure among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-exposed infants.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of screening methods in identifying TB-exposed infants.
  • To underscore the importance of TB screening within maternal and child health programs.

Main Methods:

  • Screening of 766 HIV-exposed infants aged 3-4 months for TB exposure.
  • Utilizing pre-screening by nurses/lay counselors and formal screening by doctors.
  • Exclusion criteria for an isoniazid prophylaxis study based on TB exposure.

Main Results:

  • Seventy-seven out of 766 infants (10.1%) had documented contact with a TB source case.
  • Nurses and lay counselors identified 52 infants during pre-screening.
  • Doctors identified 25 infants during formal screening.

Conclusions:

  • A significant proportion of HIV-exposed infants experience TB exposure.
  • Integrated TB screening within HIV programs is essential for this vulnerable population.
  • Further assessment is needed to refine TB exposure evaluation in infants.

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