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Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Neuronavigation and Laparoscopy Guided Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Insertion for the Treatment of Hydrocephalus
14:59

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Published on: October 14, 2022

Pediatric shunt malfunction without ventricular dilatation.

Sean A McNatt1, Anthony Kim, David Hohuan

  • 1Division of Neurosurgery, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. mcnatt.sean@tchden.org

Pediatric Neurosurgery
|January 31, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Nine percent of pediatric patients experience ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) malfunction without imaging changes. Prior shunt infections increase the risk of VPS malfunction, requiring careful clinical monitoring.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurosurgery
  • Medical Device Malfunction

Background:

  • Symptomatic ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) malfunction can occur without progressive ventricular dilatation on imaging.
  • The incidence and predisposing factors for VPS malfunction without ventricular dilatation are not well-described.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize pediatric patients with symptomatic VPS malfunction without ventricular dilatation.
  • To identify clinical features associated with VPS malfunction in the absence of radiographic evidence of ventricular dilatation.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of pediatric patients (<18 years) undergoing VPS revision for malfunction between June 2001 and December 2002.
  • Examination of factors potentially correlating with low-compliance ventricles.

Main Results:

  • 177 patients underwent 287 VPS revisions; 16 patients (9%) presented with raised intracranial pressure but no progressive ventricular dilatation.
  • A history of prior shunt-related ventriculitis was significantly correlated with the development of low-compliance ventricles (p=0.043).

Conclusions:

  • Approximately 9% of pediatric symptomatic VPS malfunctions lack radiographic evidence of progressive ventricular dilatation.
  • Prior shunt infections are a significant risk factor, warranting heightened clinical vigilance for these patients.