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Human and chimpanzee gene expression differences replicated in mice fed different diets.

Mehmet Somel1, Hilliary Creely, Henriette Franz

  • 1Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. somel@eva.mpg.de

Plos One
|January 31, 2008
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Summary

Human diets significantly alter gene expression in mouse livers compared to chimpanzee diets. This dietary impact on gene expression may explain some genetic differences between humans and primates.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Nutritional science
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Human and primate diets differ significantly.
  • The impact of diet on human-specific traits and genetic divergence remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of human versus chimpanzee diets on gene expression in mice.
  • To explore whether diet-related gene expression changes in mice mirror human-primate genetic differences.

Main Methods:

  • Gene expression analysis in laboratory mice.
  • Mice were fed either human or chimpanzee typical diets.
  • Comparison of gene expression patterns in liver and brain tissues.

Main Results:

  • Human diets induced distinct gene expression changes in mouse livers compared to chimpanzee diets.
  • 10% of human-primate liver gene expression differences were replicated in diet-manipulated mice.
  • Diet-responsive genes showed greater sequence divergence between humans and chimpanzees.

Conclusions:

  • Diet plays a significant role in shaping gene expression, potentially contributing to human-specific traits.
  • Mice fed human diets serve as a viable model for studying diet-driven evolutionary changes.
  • Dietary influences on gene expression are a key factor in human evolutionary divergence.