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Deformations in a Symmetric Member in Bending

Deformations in a Symmetric Member in Bending

When analyzing the deformation of a symmetric prismatic member subjected to bending by equal and opposite couples, it becomes clear that as the member bends, the originally straight lines on its wider faces curve into circular arcs, with a constant radius centered at a point known as Point C. This phenomenon helps to understand the stress and strain distribution within the member more clearly.
When the member is segmented into tiny cubic elements, it is observed that the primary stress...

Bending

Bending

Pure bending is a fundamental concept in structural mechanics, essential for understanding how materials deform under symmetrical loads without direct forces. Pure bending occurs when prismatic members, such as beams, are subjected to equal and opposite moments that induce bending. The phenomenon is crucial as it allows for predicting stress distributions without the influence of axial or shear forces.
In pure bending, the bending stress in a beam is calculated based on the bending moment and...

Flexural Stress

Flexural Stress

When analyzing bending in symmetric members, it's crucial to understand how stresses distribute when subjected to bending moments. This stress distribution is effectively described by applying fundamental mechanics and material science principles, particularly Hooke's Law for elastic materials.
Hooke's Law states that within the material's elastic limits, stress is directly proportional to strain. In a member experiencing a bending moment, the strain at any point is relative to its distance...

Bending of Members Made of Several Materials

Bending of Members Made of Several Materials

In analyzing a structural member composed of two different materials with identical cross-sectional areas, it is crucial to understand how their distinct elastic properties affect the member's response under load. The analysis involves assessing stress and strain distributions using the transformed section concept, which accounts for variations in material properties.
Hooke's Law determines stress in each material, stating that stress is proportional to strain but varies due to each material's...

Members Made of Elastoplastic Material

Members Made of Elastoplastic Material

The behavior of elastoplastic materials under bending stresses, particularly in structural members with rectangular cross-sections, is crucial for predicting material responses and understanding failure modes. Initially, when a bending moment is applied, the stress distribution across the section follows Hooke's Law and is linear and elastic. This distribution means the stress increases from the neutral axis to the maximum at the outer fibers, up to the elastic limit.
As the bending moment...

Plastic Deformations

Plastic Deformations

It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Studying DNA Looping by Single-Molecule FRET

Studying DNA Looping by Single-Molecule FRET

Published on: June 28, 2014

DNA bending stiffness on small length scales.

Chongli Yuan¹, Huimin Chen, Xiong Wen Lou

¹School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.

Physical Review Letters

|February 1, 2008

Summary

Short DNA fragments are surprisingly flexible, according to new research. This high flexibility in double-stranded DNA is linked to dynamic features at the base-pair level.

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Biophysics
Structural Biology

Background:

Understanding the mechanical properties of DNA is crucial for various biological processes.
Short DNA fragments are fundamental units of genetic material.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantify the bending properties of short double-stranded DNA fragments.
To investigate the underlying mechanisms responsible for DNA flexibility.

Main Methods:

Utilized fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) to measure DNA fragment dynamics.
Employed small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to assess DNA fragment structure and flexibility.

Main Results:

Both FRET and SAXS measurements revealed unexpectedly high flexibility in short DNA fragments (15-90 base pairs).

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Atomic Force Microscopy Investigations of DNA Lesion Recognition in Nucleotide Excision Repair

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Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Studying DNA Looping by Single-Molecule FRET

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Published on: June 28, 2014

DNA Nanotubes as a Versatile Tool to Study Semiflexible Polymers

DNA Nanotubes as a Versatile Tool to Study Semiflexible Polymers

Published on: October 25, 2017

Atomic Force Microscopy Investigations of DNA Lesion Recognition in Nucleotide Excision Repair

Atomic Force Microscopy Investigations of DNA Lesion Recognition in Nucleotide Excision Repair

Published on: May 24, 2017

The observed flexibility exceeds predictions based on traditional models of DNA mechanics.

Conclusions:

Short DNA fragments possess significant inherent flexibility.
This flexibility is attributed to dynamic length fluctuations at the Watson-Crick base-pair level.
These findings offer new insights into DNA dynamics and its functional implications.