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Wetting Properties of Grain Boundaries in Solid 4He.

Satoshi Sasaki1, Frédéric Caupin, Sébastien Balibar

  • 1Laboratoire de Physique Statistique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure associé au CNRS et aux Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, 24 rue Lhomond 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France.

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|February 1, 2008
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Grain boundaries in solid helium-4 (4He) crystals form grooves at the liquid-solid interface, indicating incomplete wetting by the liquid. This finding supports simulations and offers insights into helium-4 premelting and supersolidity.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Quantum fluids and solids
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Understanding the behavior of interfaces in quantum crystals like helium-4 (4He) is crucial for exploring exotic phenomena.
  • Grain boundaries, the interfaces between crystal grains, significantly influence material properties and phase transitions.
  • Previous theoretical work suggested incomplete wetting of grain boundaries by liquid helium, but experimental verification was limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate the wetting behavior of grain boundaries in hexagonal close-packed (hcp) 4He crystals in contact with liquid 4He.
  • To measure the dihedral angle of grooves formed by grain boundaries at the liquid-solid interface.
  • To explore the implications of these findings for grain boundary premelting and the potential supersolidity of 4He.

Main Methods:

  • Observation of grain boundaries in hcp 4He crystals in equilibrium with liquid 4He.
  • Measurement of the dihedral angle (2θ) of grooves formed by grain boundaries at the liquid-solid interface.
  • Characterization of the contact line morphology where grain boundaries meet a solid wall.

Main Results:

  • A nonzero dihedral angle (2θ) was measured for grain boundaries emerging at the liquid-solid interface, indicating incomplete wetting by the liquid phase.
  • The observed groove formation is consistent with recent Monte Carlo simulations of wetting in 4He.
  • The contact line of grain boundaries with a solid wall can be wet by the liquid, forming a thin, triangular channel whose width matches theoretical predictions.

Conclusions:

  • Experimental evidence confirms that grain boundaries in solid 4He are not completely wet by the liquid phase.
  • The study provides a foundation for understanding grain boundary premelting phenomena in quantum solids.
  • These findings contribute to the ongoing investigation into the possible supersolid phases of 4He.