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Related Concept Videos

Integration of Synaptic Events01:28

Integration of Synaptic Events

Synaptic integration mainly includes the summation of graded potentials. Graded potentials, regardless of their type, cause subtle alterations in membrane voltage, resulting in either depolarization or hyperpolarization. These incremental changes, when combined or summed, can propel the neuron toward its threshold. Consider, for example, a membrane experiencing a +15 mV shift, causing it to depolarize from -70 mV to -55 mV. In this scenario, graded potentials govern the membrane's ability to...
Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
Overview of Synapses01:25

Overview of Synapses

A synapse is a specialized structure where two neurons connect, allowing them to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another neuron. It is the point of communication between neurons. The term "synapse" is derived from the Greek word "synapsis," which means "conjunction." The entire process of neural communication revolves around the synapse. When activated, a neuron releases chemicals known as neurotransmitters into the synapse. These neurotransmitters cross the synapse and bind to...
Neuronal Communication01:28

Neuronal Communication

Neurons, the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, communicate through complex electrochemical signals that underpin all cognitive and bodily functions. This communication is primarily facilitated by a process involving the generation and propagation of an action potential along the axon of the neuron. When the internal electrical charge of a neuron surpasses a certain threshold, an action potential is triggered. This rapid change in voltage travels swiftly along the axon to the...
Excitatory and Inhibitory Effects of Neurotransmitters01:29

Excitatory and Inhibitory Effects of Neurotransmitters

When an action potential reaches the presynaptic axon terminal, it releases neurotransmitters from the neuron into the synaptic cleft at a chemical synapse. The released neurotransmitter can be excitatory or inhibitory. The critical criteria commonly used to determine whether a molecule is a neurotransmitter at a chemical synapse are the molecule's presence in the presynaptic neuron. Second, its release is in response to strong presynaptic depolarization. And lastly, the presence of specific...

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Induction of an Isoelectric Brain State to Investigate the Impact of Endogenous Synaptic Activity on Neuronal Excitability In Vivo
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Equalization of synaptic efficacy by synchronous neural activity.

Myoung Won Cho1, M Y Choi

  • 1BK21 Frontier Physics Research Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea.

Physical Review Letters
|February 1, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Reversed spike timing, not just forward firing, stabilizes neuronal networks. Synchronous neural activity, even noise-induced, influences synaptic plasticity and efficacy in the cortex.

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Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Induction of an Isoelectric Brain State to Investigate the Impact of Endogenous Synaptic Activity on Neuronal Excitability In Vivo
10:19

Induction of an Isoelectric Brain State to Investigate the Impact of Endogenous Synaptic Activity on Neuronal Excitability In Vivo

Published on: March 31, 2016

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08:08

Real-time Electrophysiology: Using Closed-loop Protocols to Probe Neuronal Dynamics and Beyond

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Evaluation of Synaptic Multiplicity Using Whole-cell Patch-clamp Electrophysiology
10:52

Evaluation of Synaptic Multiplicity Using Whole-cell Patch-clamp Electrophysiology

Published on: April 23, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Synaptic Plasticity

Background:

  • The common assumption is that postsynaptic neuron firing follows presynaptic neuron firing (orthodromic firing).
  • Asymmetric temporal Hebbian plasticity can challenge the functional integrity of complex neuronal networks.
  • Understanding spike timing causality is crucial for network stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To challenge the notion that orthodromic firing is the sole determinant of neuronal communication.
  • To investigate the stabilizing role of reversed spike timing in cortical networks.
  • To explore the impact of synchronous neural activity on synaptic plasticity and efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of synaptic plasticity.
  • Modeling of neuronal network dynamics.
  • Investigation of spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) under varying synchrony levels.

Main Results:

  • Reversed spike timing is a common phenomenon in the cortex, contributing to network stabilization.
  • Synchronous neural activity perturbs synaptic firing causality.
  • The degree of neural synchrony principally determines the equilibrium of spike-timing dependent plasticity, with noise-induced synchrony equalizing synaptic efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • Reversed spike timing plays a critical role in maintaining the structural integrity of neuronal networks.
  • Synaptic efficacy is dynamically regulated by the level of network synchrony.
  • Spike-timing-dependent plasticity is sensitive to synchronous activity, offering mechanisms for network homeostasis.