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Phase detection at the quantum limit with multiphoton Mach-Zehnder interferometry.

L Pezzé¹, A Smerzi, G Khoury

¹BEC-CNR-INFM and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, I-38050 Povo, Italy.

Physical Review Letters

|February 1, 2008

Summary

This study demonstrates an optimal quantum phase estimation strategy using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The Bayesian approach achieves the standard quantum limit, offering unbiased and precise phase measurements.

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Area of Science:

Quantum optics
Quantum metrology
Interferometry

Background:

Mach-Zehnder interferometers are crucial for phase sensing.
Quantum properties can enhance measurement precision beyond classical limits.
Bayesian inference offers a framework for optimal parameter estimation.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and implement an optimal quantum phase estimation strategy.
To achieve the standard quantum limit for phase estimation in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
To demonstrate robustness against phase shift values and noise.

Main Methods:

Utilizing a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with coherent state and vacuum inputs.
Implementing a Bayesian phase estimation protocol.
Employing parallel photon-number-resolving detectors and coincidence logic.

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Main Results:

The implemented protocol achieves the standard quantum limit.
The phase estimation is independent of the true phase shift and noise assumptions.
The strategy is unbiased and saturates the Cramer-Rao bound.

Conclusions:

The developed Bayesian phase estimation strategy is optimal.
This method provides a robust and highly precise approach to quantum phase sensing.
The experimental implementation validates the theoretical predictions for quantum metrology.