Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 7, 2026

The Modular Design and Production of an Intelligent Robot Based on a Closed-Loop Control Strategy
Published on: October 14, 2017
Symmetries of the ratchet current
Wojciech De Roeck1, Christian Maes
1Instituut voor Theoretische Fysica, K.U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
Abstract:
Recent advances in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics shed new light on the ratchet effect. The ratchet motion can thus be understood in terms of symmetry (breaking) considerations. We introduce an additional symmetry operation besides time reversal, that switches between two modes of operation. That mode reversal combined with time reversal decomposes the nonequilibrium action so as to clarify under what circumstances the ratchet current is a second order effect around equilibrium, what is the direction of the ratchet current, and what are possibly the symmetries in its fluctuations.
Related Concept Videos
Series R—L Circuit Transients
Using Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) to analyze this circuit helps determine the total asymmetrical fault current, which consists of...
Symmetry in Maxwell's Equations
Mesh Analysis with Current Sources
Current Source in One Mesh: The analysis process is straightforward when a current source is found in only one mesh within the circuit. Mesh currents are assigned as usual, with the mesh containing the current source excluded from the analysis. Kirchhoff's voltage law (KVL)...
Gauss's Law: Cylindrical Symmetry
Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field
Consider a rectangular current-carrying loop containing N turns of wire, placed in a uniform magnetic field. The net force on a current-carrying loop...
Resistor in an AC Circuit
One-way current through the meter is measured using diodes. A diode is a device with better conductivity in one direction compared to the other; in its ideal state, it has zero resistance in one direction and allows...

