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Types of Fluids

Types of Fluids

Fluids can be classified into Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids based on their response to shear stress. Newtonian fluids have a linear relationship between shear stress and the shear strain rate, following Newton's law of viscosity. Their viscosity remains constant regardless of the shear rate, making their behavior predictable and easier to analyze. Common examples include water, air, oil, and gasoline.
In contrast, non-Newtonian fluids do not follow Newton's law of viscosity, and their...

Yield Criteria for Ductile Materials under Plane Stress

Yield Criteria for Ductile Materials under Plane Stress

In designing structural elements and machine parts using ductile materials, it is crucial to ensure that these components withstand applied stresses without yielding. Yielding is initially determined through a tensile test, which evaluates the material's response to uniaxial stress. However, tensile stress is insufficient when components face biaxial or plane stress conditions This condition requires advanced criteria to predict failure.
The Maximum Shearing Stress Criterion, also known as the...

Stress-Strain Diagram - Ductile Materials

Stress-Strain Diagram - Ductile Materials

The stress-strain relationship in ductile materials such as structural steel or aluminium is intricate and progresses through several stages. When a specimen is loaded, it initially exhibits a linear length increase, depicted by a steep straight line on the stress-strain diagram. It indicates the material is elastically deforming and will return to its original shape once unloaded. However, when a critical stress value is reached, plastic deformation begins. This stage sees substantial...

Newtonian Fluid: Problem Solving

Newtonian Fluid: Problem Solving

Newtonian fluids exhibit a constant viscosity, meaning their shear stress and shear strain rate are directly proportional. This property ensures a predictable and stable response to applied forces, maintaining a linear relationship between force and flow. Examples include water, air, and light oils, consistently demonstrating this proportional behavior regardless of external conditions.
A velocity gradient forms within the fluid when a Newtonian fluid is placed between two parallel plates, with...

Plastic Behavior

Plastic Behavior

A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and reloaded.

Residual Stresses in Bending

Residual Stresses in Bending

In the study of elastoplastic members subjected to bending moments, understanding the loading and unloading phases is crucial for assessing material behavior and structural integrity. During the loading phase, as the bending moment increases, the material initially responds elastically, adhering to Hooke's Law, where stress is directly proportional to strain. When the load exceeds the yield strength, plastic deformation occurs, resulting in permanent strain and deformation that remains even...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Macro-Rheology Characterization of Gill Raker Mucus in the Silver Carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix

Macro-Rheology Characterization of Gill Raker Mucus in the Silver Carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix

Published on: July 10, 2020

Transition from a simple yield-stress fluid to a thixotropic material.

A Ragouilliaux¹, G Ovarlez, N Shahidzadeh-Bonn

¹Université Paris-Est, Institut Navier, LMSGC, 2 Allée Kepler 77420 Champs, France.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics

|February 1, 2008

Summary

Adding colloidal particles transforms simple yield stress fluids into thixotropic materials. This change, observed via magnetic resonance imaging rheometry, affects flow behavior under critical shear rates.

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Studying Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear Response of Soft Materials

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Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Macro-Rheology Characterization of Gill Raker Mucus in the Silver Carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix

Macro-Rheology Characterization of Gill Raker Mucus in the Silver Carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix

Published on: July 10, 2020

Challenges in Rheological Characterization of Highly Concentrated Suspensions — A Case Study for Screen-printing Silver Pastes

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Studying Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear Response of Soft Materials

Studying Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear Response of Soft Materials

Published on: April 25, 2019

Area of Science:

Colloid and Surface Science
Rheology
Materials Science

Background:

Emulsions are complex fluids with unique flow properties.
Yield stress fluids exhibit a critical stress below which they do not flow.
Thixotropic materials show time-dependent shear thinning behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the rheological transition of a pure emulsion to a thixotropic material.
To understand the effect of adding a small fraction of colloidal particles.
To characterize the flow behavior under different stress conditions.

Main Methods:

Magnetic resonance imaging rheometry was employed to study fluid dynamics.
Comparison of flow behavior between a pure emulsion and a particle-loaded emulsion.
Analysis of steady flow and time-dependent viscosity changes.

Main Results:

A pure emulsion behaves as a simple yield stress fluid.
Addition of colloidal particles induces thixotropic behavior, characterized by a critical shear rate.
Loaded emulsions show continuous viscosity increase over time below the yield stress, unlike pure emulsions which stop abruptly.

Conclusions:

Colloidal particles fundamentally alter the rheological properties of emulsions, inducing thixotropy.
The observed phenomenon can be modeled by considering the progressive formation of droplet links mediated by colloidal particles.
This study provides insights into designing and controlling the flow behavior of complex fluids.