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Avalanche statistics and time-resolved grain dynamics for a driven heap.

A R Abate¹, H Katsuragi, D J Durian

¹Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6396, USA.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics

|February 1, 2008

Summary

Avalanche dynamics in granular heaps reveal that grain fluctuation speed is about 10% of flow speed during intermittent avalanches. This relationship shifts under continuous flow conditions.

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Area of Science:

Physics
Granular materials science
Complex systems

Background:

Granular materials exhibit complex dynamics, including intermittent avalanches, crucial for understanding phenomena from landslides to industrial processes.
Characterizing the interplay between average flow and internal grain fluctuations is key to modeling granular avalanches.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the dynamics of intermittent avalanches in a quasi-two-dimensional granular heap.
To quantify the relationship between average avalanche flow speed and grain fluctuation speed over time.

Main Methods:

Imaging the free surface to measure time-dependent average avalanche flow speed (v(t)).
Utilizing speckle-visibility spectroscopy to measure grain fluctuation speed (deltav(t)).
Analyzing event durations and sizes in relation to preceding time intervals.

Main Results:

During intermittent avalanches, fluctuation speed is approximately 0.1 times the average flow speed (deltav ≈ 0.1v).
Both average flow and fluctuation speeds are highest at the onset of an avalanche event.
Event durations show a peaked distribution, and event sizes correlate with the inter-event time.

Conclusions:

The dynamics of granular avalanches exhibit distinct speed relationships depending on flow intermittency.
A transition in the speed relationship occurs under high grain addition rates, leading to continuous flow.
Understanding these speed dynamics is vital for predicting and controlling granular material behavior.