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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II

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In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...

Maxwell's Thermodynamic Relations

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Pool-Boiling Heat-Transfer Enhancement on Cylindrical Surfaces with Hybrid Wettable Patterns

Pool-Boiling Heat-Transfer Enhancement on Cylindrical Surfaces with Hybrid Wettable Patterns

Published on: April 10, 2017

Beyond the Maxwell limit: thermal conduction in nanofluids with percolating fluid structures.

Jacob Eapen¹, Ju Li, Sidney Yip

¹Theoretical Division (T-12), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA. eapen@lanl.gov

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics

|February 1, 2008

Summary

Nanofluids with strong particle attraction form thermal conduction pathways, enhancing thermal conductivity beyond theoretical limits. These findings from simulations can guide future nanofluid development.

More Related Videos

Characterization of Thermal Transport in One-dimensional Solid Materials

Characterization of Thermal Transport in One-dimensional Solid Materials

Published on: January 26, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Pool-Boiling Heat-Transfer Enhancement on Cylindrical Surfaces with Hybrid Wettable Patterns

Pool-Boiling Heat-Transfer Enhancement on Cylindrical Surfaces with Hybrid Wettable Patterns

Published on: April 10, 2017

Characterization of Thermal Transport in One-dimensional Solid Materials

Characterization of Thermal Transport in One-dimensional Solid Materials

Published on: January 26, 2014

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Thermodynamics
Nanotechnology

Background:

Nanofluids offer enhanced thermal properties compared to base fluids.
Particle aggregation can hinder optimal thermal performance.
Existing models like the Maxwell limit provide a baseline for thermal conductivity predictions.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the mechanism of thermal conductivity enhancement in nanofluids with strong cluster-fluid attraction.
To explore the role of interfacial structures in heat transfer.
To provide a theoretical basis for designing advanced nanofluids.

Main Methods:

Utilizing nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations.
Analyzing the formation of percolating amorphouslike interfacial structures.
Quantifying thermal conductivity enhancement relative to nanoparticle volume fraction (phi).

Main Results:

Strong cluster-fluid attraction facilitates the formation of thermal conduction paths.
Observed thermal conductivity enhancement exceeds the Maxwell limit (3phi).
Percolating amorphouslike interfacial structures are identified as key contributors to enhanced heat transfer.

Conclusions:

The formation of specific interfacial structures is crucial for exceeding theoretical thermal conductivity limits in nanofluids.
Simulation results offer a pathway for experimental verification and development of high-performance nanofluids.
This study provides a theoretical foundation for engineering nanofluids with superior thermal transport properties.