Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

$Interference and Diffraction$ 02:18

Interference and Diffraction

Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.

X-ray Crystallography

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...

Computed Tomography

Computed Tomography

Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
Electron tomography can be performed either in TEM or STEM (scanning transmission...

$X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples$ 01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal crystal...

Determination of Crystal Structures

Determination of Crystal Structures

In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Erratum to "A Novel Method for Extraction of Galegine by Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP) Technique Reinforced with Graphene Oxide and Its Evaluation Using Polarography".

Journal of analytical methods in chemistry·2021

Same author

A Novel Method for Extraction of Galegine by Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP) Technique Reinforced with Graphene Oxide and Its Evaluation Using Polarography.

Journal of analytical methods in chemistry·2020

Same author

Hemoglobinopathy testing: the significance of accuracy and pitfalls in HbA<sub>2</sub> determination.

International journal of laboratory hematology·2016

Same author

Superadiabatic quantum heat engine with a multiferroic working medium.

Physical review. E·2016

Same author

Color-encoded structured light for rapid active ranging.

IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence·2011

Same author

Aliasing artifacts in computerized tomography.

Applied optics·2010

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Computed Tomography-guided Time-domain Diffuse Fluorescence Tomography in Small Animals for Localization of Cancer Biomarkers

Computed Tomography-guided Time-domain Diffuse Fluorescence Tomography in Small Animals for Localization of Cancer Biomarkers

Published on: July 17, 2012

Distortion in diffraction tomography caused by multiple scattering.

M Azimi, A C Kak

IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging

|January 1, 1983

Summary

A new computational method reveals that multiple scattering significantly distorts images of multicomponent objects, even with weak scattering components. This challenges current diffraction tomography algorithms, highlighting the need for advanced scattering calculations.

More Related Videos

Using Synchrotron Radiation Microtomography to Investigate Multi-scale Three-dimensional Microelectronic Packages

Using Synchrotron Radiation Microtomography to Investigate Multi-scale Three-dimensional Microelectronic Packages

Published on: April 13, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Computed Tomography-guided Time-domain Diffuse Fluorescence Tomography in Small Animals for Localization of Cancer Biomarkers

Computed Tomography-guided Time-domain Diffuse Fluorescence Tomography in Small Animals for Localization of Cancer Biomarkers

Published on: July 17, 2012

Using Synchrotron Radiation Microtomography to Investigate Multi-scale Three-dimensional Microelectronic Packages

Using Synchrotron Radiation Microtomography to Investigate Multi-scale Three-dimensional Microelectronic Packages

Published on: April 13, 2016

Area of Science:

Computational electromagnetics
Wave scattering theory
Image reconstruction

Background:

First-order approximations (Born, Rytov) limit current diffraction tomography.
Multicomponent objects present complex scattering scenarios.
Understanding multiple scattering is crucial for accurate imaging.

Purpose of the Study:

Introduce a novel computational procedure for calculating true forward scattered fields.
Investigate the impact of multiple scattering on multicomponent objects.
Evaluate the performance of existing diffraction tomography algorithms under violated assumptions.

Main Methods:

Developed a new computational procedure for "true" forward scattered field calculation.
Performed computer simulations for multicomponent objects.
Extended results to include second-order scattering effects.
Generalized procedure for higher-order scattering.

Main Results:

Multiple scattering effects become significant when weakly scattering components block each other.
Scattering effects are negligible when large, strongly scattering components do not block each other.
Simulations demonstrate severe distortions in multicomponent objects due to multiple scattering, even with 5% inhomogeneities.

Conclusions:

The developed computational procedure accurately calculates forward scattered fields beyond first-order approximations.
Multiple scattering significantly impacts image reconstruction accuracy in diffraction tomography.
Existing algorithms fail when the first-order scattering assumption is violated, introducing artifacts.