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Related Concept Videos

Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
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Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

Overview
Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

Overview
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
Chromosome Replication02:31

Chromosome Replication

Before a cell can divide, it must accurately replicate all of its chromosomes, including the DNA and its associated histone and non-histone proteins.  This process begins at numerous origins of replication during the S phase of the cell cycle in each of a cell’s chromosomes simultaneously. Certain nucleotides can act as origins of replication, but these sequences are not well defined - especially in complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic species. The length of DNA that spans an origin of...
The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication forks, one in...

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Interaction between HMGA1a and the origin recognition complex creates site-specific replication origins.

Andreas W Thomae1, Dagmar Pich, Jan Brocher

  • 1Department of Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Marchioninistrasse 25, 81377 München, Germany.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|February 1, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High-mobility group protein HMGA1a targets the origin recognition complex (ORC) to DNA, specifying DNA replication origins in eukaryotic cells. This interaction occurs in AT-rich regions, facilitating prereplicative complex assembly and initiation.

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G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome

Published on: March 22, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Eukaryotic DNA replication initiates at specific origins, marked by the origin recognition complex (ORC).
  • Metazoan ORC binds DNA non-specifically, leaving the mechanism of origin targeting unknown.
  • Additional factors are likely involved in positioning ORC to initiate DNA replication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of high-mobility group A1a (HMGA1a) in targeting ORC to DNA.
  • To determine if HMGA1a can specify DNA replication origins in metazoan cells.

Main Methods:

  • Coimmunoprecipitation and in vitro/in vivo imaging studies to analyze HMGA1a-ORC interactions.
  • Fusion protein experiments using HMGA1a and DNA-binding domains (EBNA1, TetR).
  • Nascent-strand abundance assays to assess DNA replication initiation sites.

Main Results:

  • HMGA1a specifically targets ORC to DNA, interacting with ORC subunits in AT-rich heterochromatic regions.
  • Engineered HMGA1a fusion proteins recruit ORC to specific DNA sites, forming functional replication origins.
  • DNA replication initiates at or near HMGA1a-rich sites, correlating ORC recruitment with HMGA1a concentration.

Conclusions:

  • Chromatin proteins, such as HMGA1a, can target ORC to DNA.
  • HMGA1a plays a crucial role in specifying DNA replication origins in metazoan cells.
  • This mechanism highlights the importance of chromatin structure in regulating DNA replication.