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DNA Microarrays

DNA Microarrays

Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...

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Growing Protein Crystals with Distinct Dimensions Using Automated Crystallization Coupled with In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering

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DNA-programmable nanoparticle crystallization.

Sung Yong Park¹, Abigail K R Lytton-Jean, Byeongdu Lee

¹Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.

|February 1, 2008

Summary

Researchers demonstrate programmable colloidal crystallization using DNA-functionalized gold nanoparticles. Different DNA sequences guide nanoparticle assembly into distinct face-centered-cubic or body-centered-cubic crystal structures.

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Area of Science:

Nanotechnology
Materials Science
Biotechnology

Background:

DNA-functionalized nanoparticles are established diagnostic tools.
Assembly of nanoparticles into ordered materials via DNA interactions is underdeveloped.
Previous efforts yielded amorphous polymers with limited structural control.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate rational control over nanoparticle assembly into different crystalline states.
To explore the use of DNA sequences as programmable guides for colloidal crystallization.
To achieve control over particle placement, periodicity, and interparticle distance in assembled materials.

Main Methods:

Synthesizing gold nanoparticles functionalized with specific DNA oligonucleotides.
Utilizing programmable DNA base-pairing interactions to direct nanoparticle self-assembly.
Modifying DNA sequences and linker molecules to influence crystal structure formation.
Investigating the effect of single-base flexors on assembly outcomes.

Main Results:

Demonstrated that different DNA sequences can direct the same gold nanoparticles into distinct crystalline structures.
Achieved the formation of micrometre-sized face-centered-cubic and body-centered-cubic crystals.
Showed that nanoparticle assembly can be precisely controlled by adjusting DNA sequences and linking molecules.

Conclusions:

Synthetically programmable colloidal crystallization of nanoparticles is achievable.
A single type of nanoparticle can be directed to form different crystal structures based on DNA programming.
This work advances the development of highly ordered macroscopic materials from nanoparticle building blocks.