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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Image-guided, Laser-based Fabrication of Vascular-derived Microfluidic Networks
10:53

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Published on: January 3, 2017

Periodic image artifacts from continuous-tone laser scanners.

P C Schubert1

  • 13M Company, Graphics Sector Research Laboratory, Graphics Resources Technology Department, St. Paul, Minnesota 55144, USA.

Applied Optics
|November 1, 1986
PubMed
Summary

Mechanically scanned images can have periodic artifacts due to machine errors. Strict hardware requirements are needed to minimize these visual defects, especially for rotating polygon scanners.

Area of Science:

  • Optical Engineering
  • Image Processing
  • Human Perception

Background:

  • Continuous-tone images generated by analog modulated laser beams are prone to artifacts.
  • These artifacts manifest as periodic density variations caused by mechanical scanner imperfections.
  • The human visual system's high sensitivity to periodic patterns necessitates stringent scanner performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and quantify image artifacts in mechanically scanned analog modulated laser beam systems.
  • To derive the hardware requirements for minimizing these artifacts.
  • To evaluate the suitability of rotating polygon scanners for high-quality image reproduction.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of image formation process in analog laser scanners.

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  • Quantification of artifact sensitivity based on human visual perception thresholds.
  • Derivation of scanner hardware specifications (e.g., film transport velocity, scan-line placement, intensity control).
  • Evaluation of rotating polygon scanner performance against derived requirements.

    • Main Results:

    • Spatially periodic density variations are identified as a key artifact type.
    • Human eye sensitivity to periodic patterns (2-5 cycles/deg) requires density variations below 0.005.
    • Stringent tolerances for film transport, scan-line placement, and intensity are derived.
    • Rotating polygon scanners offer a viable solution balancing speed, quality, and cost.

    Conclusions:

    • Mechanical errors in analog laser scanners significantly impact image quality through periodic artifacts.
    • Achieving high-fidelity continuous-tone images requires precise control over scanner mechanics.
    • Rotating polygon scanners represent a practical and effective technology for mitigating these artifacts in demanding applications.