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Related Concept Videos

Hearing01:31

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the cochlea, a...
Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking the...
Anatomy of the Ear01:16

Anatomy of the Ear

Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
The Auditory Ossicles01:11

The Auditory Ossicles

The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
The aptly named stapes look very much like a stirrup. The three ossicles are unique to mammals, and each plays a role in...

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Related Experiment Video

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Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody
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Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody

Published on: September 27, 2024

Audiology in Brazil.

Maria Cecilia Bevilacqua1, Beatriz Caiuby Novaes, Thais C Morata

  • 1Universidade de São Paulo, Centro de Pesquisas Audiológicas, Brazil. cecilia@implantecoclear.com.br

International Journal of Audiology
|February 1, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Audiology in Brazil has developed significantly over 50 years, with professionals working in diverse public and private settings. The field faces future challenges and opportunities in training and practice.

Area of Science:

  • Audiology
  • Speech and Hearing Sciences

Background:

  • The profession of audiology in Brazil has a history of nearly 50 years.
  • Audiologists are employed in both private (medical practices, clinics) and public (schools, universities, health clinics) sectors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the development of audiology training and practice in Brazil.
  • To describe the current state of audiology in Brazil.
  • To summarize the challenges and opportunities facing the audiology profession in Brazil.

Main Methods:

  • Historical overview of audiology development in Brazil.
  • Description of current audiology practices in private and public sectors.
  • Analysis of challenges and opportunities for the profession.

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A Low Cost Setup for Behavioral Audiometry in Rodents
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A Low Cost Setup for Behavioral Audiometry in Rodents

Published on: October 16, 2012

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Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody
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Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody

Published on: September 27, 2024

Assessment of Audio-Tactile Sensory Substitution Training in Participants with Profound Deafness Using the Event-Related Potential Technique
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Assessment of Audio-Tactile Sensory Substitution Training in Participants with Profound Deafness Using the Event-Related Potential Technique

Published on: September 7, 2022

A Low Cost Setup for Behavioral Audiometry in Rodents
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A Low Cost Setup for Behavioral Audiometry in Rodents

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Main Results:

  • Audiology in Brazil is a well-developed field with audiologists performing diagnostic evaluations, hearing aid fitting, and aural rehabilitation.
  • Practitioners work across various settings, including private clinics, schools, and public health programs.
  • The profession is poised for future growth, acknowledging existing challenges and opportunities.

Conclusions:

  • Audiology in Brazil has a strong foundation with diverse practice settings and services.
  • The profession is evolving, with ongoing needs for training and adaptation to national challenges.
  • Future prospects for audiology in Brazil involve navigating unique opportunities within a large and diverse country.