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Related Concept Videos

Downsampling01:20

Downsampling

When considering a sampled sequence with zero values between sampling instants, one can replace it by taking every N-th value of the sequence. At these integer multiples of N, the original and sampled sequences coincide. This process, known as decimation, involves extracting every N-th sample from a sequence, thereby creating a more efficient sequence.
The Fourier transform of the decimated sequence reveals a combination of scaled and shifted versions of the original spectrum. This...
Upsampling01:22

Upsampling

Managing signal sampling rates is essential in digital signal processing to maintain signal integrity. A decimated signal, characterized by a reduced frequency range due to its lower sampling rate, can be upsampled by inserting zeros between each sample. This upsampling process expands the original spectrum and introduces repeated spectral replicas at intervals dictated by the new Nyquist frequency. To refine this zero-inserted sequence, it is passed through a lowpass filter with a cutoff...
Introduction to Scalers01:21

Introduction to Scalers

Many familiar physical quantities can be specified completely by giving a single number and the appropriate unit. For example, "a class period lasts 50 min," or "the gas tank in my car holds 65 L," or "the distance between the two posts is 100 m." A physical quantity that can be specified completely in this manner is called a scalar quantity. The word "scalar" is a synonym for "number." Time, mass, distance, length, volume, temperature, and energy are some examples of scalar quantities.
Scalar...
Transformations of Functions III01:20

Transformations of Functions III

Transformations modify the graphical representation of a function without changing its fundamental form. One common transformation is reflection, which flips the graph across a designated axis. When the vertical coordinates of all points are multiplied by the negative one, the entire graph is mirrored over the horizontal axis. This transformation reverses the vertical orientation of peaks and troughs, akin to signal inversion in electrical systems, where a waveform is flipped, but the timing of...
Reducing Line Loss01:18

Reducing Line Loss

In a three-phase circuit, line loss is an indicator of energy dissipated as heat due to the resistance of transmission lines. To address this, incorporating transformers into the system—a step-up transformer at the source and a step-down transformer at the load—is a strategic solution. Two three-phase transformers are introduced to improve this.
With a step-up transformer at the source, the voltage is increased, thereby reducing the current in the transmission lines since power loss in...
Scaling01:26

Scaling

In designing and analyzing filters, resonant circuits, or circuit analysis at large, working with standard element values like 1 ohm, 1 henry, or 1 farad can be convenient before scaling these values to more realistic figures. This approach is widely utilized by not employing realistic element values in numerous examples and problems; it simplifies mastering circuit analysis through convenient component values. The complexity of calculations is thereby reduced, with the understanding that...

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Related Experiment Videos

Down-scaling for better transform compression.

Alfred M Bruckstein1, Michael Elad, Ron Kimmel

  • 1Computer Science Department, The Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel. freddy@cs.technion.ac.il

IEEE Transactions on Image Processing : a Publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society
|February 2, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Down-sampling images before JPEG compression and then interpolating can improve image quality at low bit rates. This method optimizes the trade-off between compression and visual fidelity for better peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) performance.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Digital image processing
  • Information theory
  • Computer vision

Background:

  • JPEG is a widely used lossy image compression standard known for efficiency.
  • At low bit rates, JPEG compression introduces noticeable artifacts, degrading image quality.
  • Down-sampling an image before compression can yield better visual results at low bit rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a novel image compression strategy using down-sampling and JPEG.
  • To enhance the Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) performance of JPEG compression at low bit rates.
  • To develop an analytical model for optimizing the down-sampling factor.

Main Methods:

  • A process involving down-sampling, JPEG compression at lower resolution, and subsequent interpolation to original resolution was analyzed.
  • An analytical model was developed to understand the quality/compression trade-offs.
  • Image auto-correlation was used to estimate the optimal down-sampling factor.

Main Results:

  • The proposed method of down-sampling followed by JPEG compression and interpolation improves PSNR performance.
  • The analytical model accurately predicts the quality/compression trade-offs.
  • Image auto-correlation effectively guides the selection of the down-sampling factor for optimal results.

Conclusions:

  • Down-sampling before JPEG compression is an effective strategy for improving image quality at low bit rates.
  • The developed model provides a method to determine the optimal down-sampling factor for a given bit budget.
  • This technique offers a way to achieve better recovered image quality in terms of PSNR.