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Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Ultrasound Velocity Measurement in a Liquid Metal Electrode

Ultrasound Velocity Measurement in a Liquid Metal Electrode

Published on: August 5, 2015

Ultrasonic density sensor for liquids.

A Puttmer¹, P Hauptmann, B Henning

¹A. Puttmer is with Siemens AG, A&D GT5, 76181 Karlsruhe, Germany. alf.puettmer@khe.siemens.de

IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control

|February 2, 2008

Summary

This study introduces a durable ultrasonic density sensor for real-time liquid measurements. It achieves high accuracy (+/-0.1%) using acoustic reference measurements, suitable for various industrial applications.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Acoustics
Sensor Technology

Background:

Accurate liquid density measurement is crucial for process control and quality assurance in various industries.
Existing sensors may lack durability or suitability for on-line, wide-diameter applications.
Ultrasonic sensing offers a non-invasive method for fluid property determination.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a novel ultrasonic density sensor design.
To achieve high accuracy and durability for on-line liquid density measurements.
To validate the sensor's performance across a range of tube diameters.

Main Methods:

The sensor utilizes two transducers: one emitter/receiver and one receiver.
Density is determined by analyzing the ultrasound reflection coefficient and transit time at the quartz glass-liquid interface.
An internal acoustic reference measurement, using sound from the rear of the piezoceramic disk, ensures high long-term stability and accuracy.

Main Results:

The sensor achieves an accuracy of +/-0.1% of full scale.
High long-term stability was demonstrated through internal acoustic reference measurements.
The design is suitable for on-line measurements in tubes of various diameters.

Conclusions:

The developed ultrasonic density sensor offers a robust and accurate solution for real-time liquid analysis.
Its design considerations, including materials and signal-to-noise ratio, contribute to its reliable performance.
Potential applications include concentration measurement and ultrasonic mass flow measurement.