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Analysis tools for the accurate evaluation of a small frequency standard.

F Hamouda¹, G Theobald, P Cerez

¹Lab. de l'Horloge Atom., Univ. de Paris-Sud, Orsay.

IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control

|February 2, 2008

Summary

A new digital servo system enhances cesium beam tube frequency standards, achieving excellent stability. Analysis identified and quantified a residual phase difference, improving clock accuracy to +/-1.4 x 10(-13).

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Area of Science:

Atomic Physics
Metrology
Frequency Standards

Background:

Optically pumped cesium beam tubes are crucial for atomic frequency standards.
Accurate evaluation requires precise control over oscillator frequency, microwave power, and magnetic fields.
Imperfections in cavity symmetry can lead to spurious frequency offsets.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate a newly developed short, optically pumped cesium beam tube.
To develop a digital servo system for precise control of key parameters.
To analyze and mitigate frequency offsets caused by residual phase differences.

Main Methods:

Development of a digital servo system to control ultra-stable oscillator frequency, microwave power, and static magnetic field.
Numerical simulation of beam tube response as a function of microwave field amplitude and residual phase difference.
Experimental measurement of residual phase difference without beam reversal.

Main Results:

Satisfactory short- and medium-term frequency stabilities were achieved.
A relative frequency offset of 4.10(-12) was primarily attributed to residual phase differences.
Numerical simulations and experimental measurements determined the residual phase difference to be approximately 150-155 microradians.
Second-order Doppler shift was determined to be -3.3 mHz.

Conclusions:

The digital servo system enables precise control and evaluation of cesium beam tubes.
The identified residual phase difference is a key factor limiting clock accuracy.
The clock accuracy was determined to be +/-1.4 x 10(-13).