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Cs frequency synthesis: a new approach.

A S Gupta¹, D Popovic, F L Walls

¹Nat. Phys. Lab., New Delhi.

IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control

|February 2, 2008

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This study presents a rugged new synthesizer for the Cesium (Cs) hyperfine frequency, ideal for space applications like the Primary Atomic Reference Clock in Space (PARCS) and ground use. The novel design achieves high stability without narrow band filters or frequency multiplication.

Area of Science:

Atomic Physics and Metrology
Microwave Engineering
Space Instrumentation

Background:

Cesium (Cs) hyperfine frequency standards are crucial for precise timekeeping.
Existing atomic clocks require ruggedized synthesizers for space missions.
Previous designs often rely on narrow band filters and frequency multiplication, limiting ruggedness.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a robust Cs hyperfine frequency synthesizer suitable for space applications, including the Primary Atomic Reference Clock in Space (PARCS).
To eliminate the need for narrow band filters and frequency multiplication in the synthesis process.
To achieve high fractional frequency stability and low noise characteristics.

Main Methods:

A novel synthesis approach utilizing a custom regenerative divider followed by commercial binary dividers and mixing stages.

Related Experiment Videos

Integration of a 48-bit numerically controlled oscillator (NCO) mixed with the microwave signal for fine frequency control.

Conduction cooling as the primary method for thermal management.

Main Results:

Achieved a fractional frequency step of 2x10⁻¹⁷.
Demonstrated an internal fractional frequency stability of 1x10⁻¹⁵ at 10 seconds and 1x10⁻¹⁸ at 1 day.
Observed phase and amplitude noise comparable to previous designs using frequency multiplication.

Conclusions:

The new synthesizer design is rugged and suitable for space-based atomic clocks like PARCS.
The approach successfully avoids narrow band filters and frequency multiplication, simplifying the system.
The achieved stability and noise performance meet demanding requirements for primary frequency standards.