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Construction and Characterization of External Cavity Diode Lasers for Atomic Physics
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Local oscillator limited frequency stability for passive atomic frequency standards using square wave frequency

C A Greenhall1, G J Dick

  • 1Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Technol., Pasadena, CA, USA.

IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control
|February 2, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Atomic frequency standards utilize square wave frequency modulation for precise interrogation. This study analyzes the sensitivity function to optimize performance for various phase noise spectra, improving frequency standard accuracy.

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Area of Science:

  • Atomic Physics
  • Metrology
  • Frequency Standards

Background:

  • Atomic frequency standards commonly use square wave frequency modulation (SWFM) for interrogating atomic lines.
  • SWFM involves switching between two frequencies with equal atomic absorption, ideal for symmetric absorption lines.
  • This method appears to eliminate local oscillator (L.O.) aliasing and reduce L.O. phase noise sensitivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the consequences of zero sensitivity points in SWFM interrogation for atomic frequency standards.
  • To derive optimal sensitivity functions g(t) for various phase noise spectra.
  • To investigate methods for mitigating L.O. aliasing and improving frequency stability.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the sensitivity function g(t) in the context of SWFM.
  • Derivation of optimal g(t) forms for white and flicker phase noise.
  • Extension of the analysis to arbitrary phase noise spectra.

Main Results:

  • For white phase noise, aliased noise diverges as g(t) approaches a constant.
  • A limiting form for flicker phase noise is found that could eliminate aliasing, but bandwidth limitations exist.
  • Optimized g(t) forms are derived for any phase noise spectrum.

Conclusions:

  • The zero sensitivity points in SWFM interrogation have significant consequences for frequency standard performance.
  • Optimized sensitivity functions can mitigate aliasing and improve stability across different noise conditions.
  • This work provides a framework for optimizing atomic frequency standards against various phase noise sources.