Linewidth measurement technique using through-focus optical images

We present a detailed experimental study of a new through-focus technique to measure critical dimension linewidth with nanometer sensitivity using a bright field optical microscope. This method relies on analyzing intensity gradients in optical images at different focus positions, here defined as the focus metric (FM) signature. The contrast of an optical image of a structured target, where a particular structure is repeated several times, varies greatly as it is moved through-focus if the spacing between the structures is such that the scattered field from the features interferes. Complex, distinguishable through-focus optical response occurs under this condition giving rise to the formation of several cyclic high and low contrast images. As a result it exhibits several FM signature peaks as opposed to a single FM peak for structures nearly isolated. This complex optical behavior is very sensitive to the dimensions of the target geometry. By appropriately analyzing the through-focus optical image, information can be obtained regarding the target. An array of lines is used as a structured target. Linewidth measurements were made by using experimental through-focus optical data obtained using a bright field microscope and simulated optical data. The optical results are compared with reference metrology tools such as a critical dimension atomic force microscope and critical dimension scanning electron microscope.