Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Fatigue

Fatigue

Fatigue occurs when materials rupture under repeated or fluctuating loads, even at stress levels far below their static breaking strength. It typically results in brittle failure, even for ductile materials. It is a critical consideration in designing machines and structural components subjected to repetitive or varying loads. The nature of these loadings can range from fluctuating loads like unbalanced pump impellers causing vibrations to repeatedly bending a thin steel rod wire back and forth...

Muscle Recovery and Fatigue

Muscle Recovery and Fatigue

Muscle fatigue refers to the decline in a muscle's ability to maintain the force of contraction after prolonged activity. It primarily stems from changes within muscle fibers. Even before experiencing muscle fatigue, one may feel tired and have the urge to stop the activity. This response, known as central fatigue, occurs due to changes in the central nervous system, namely the brain and spinal cord. While there is no single mechanism that induces fatigue, it may serve as a protective response...

Muscle Stimulation Frequency

Muscle Stimulation Frequency

The contraction strength of muscles is regulated by motor neurons, which modulate the frequency of action potentials dispatched to the motor units based on the body's requirements. This process of varying the muscle stimulation frequency allows muscles to contract with a force that is precisely tailored to the needs of the moment, whether lifting a feather or a heavy box.
Wave summation
At low firing rates, motor neurons induce individual twitch contractions in muscle fibers. These twitches...

Exercise Stress Test

Exercise Stress Test

Introduction
Exercise stress testing, commonly known as a treadmill test, is a noninvasive procedure used to evaluate cardiovascular function and diagnose heart conditions.
Definition
An exercise stress test measures the heart's response to exertion using a treadmill or stationary bicycle. Chest electrodes record the heart's electrical activity through an ECG, and blood pressure is monitored regularly.
Purposes

Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation

Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation

Insufficient sleep refers to not getting the recommended amount of sleep for optimal functioning, even if it's just slightly less than needed. Sleep insufficiency may occur due to lifestyle choices, such as staying up late for social events or work, resulting in routinely getting less sleep than required. For example, consistently sleeping 6 hours when the body needs 7-9 hours can lead to cumulative effects on health and well-being.
Sleep deprivation is a more severe form of sleep loss...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Alterations in pelvic kinematics with speed, incline, and fatigue in female runners.

Frontiers in sports and active living·2026

Same author

Velocity-Matched Resisted and Unresisted Sprinting Across Broad Loads Show Minor Biomechanical Differences.

Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports·2025

Same author

Revitalizing Dementia Care: Empowering Lives Through Personalized Exercise and Advanced Technologies.

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)·2025

Same author

Influence of running speed, inclination, and fatigue on calcaneus angle in female runners.

Frontiers in physiology·2025

Same author

Effects of submotor-threshold tibial nerve stimulation on plantarflexion torque in healthy adults and people with multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders·2025

Same author

Effects of flywheel resistance training on countermovement jump performance and vastus lateralis muscle stiffness: A controlled study.

Journal of sports sciences·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Ultrasonic Fatigue Testing in the Tension-Compression Mode

Ultrasonic Fatigue Testing in the Tension-Compression Mode

Published on: March 7, 2018

High-frequency fatigue after alpine slalom skiing.

Katja Tomazin¹, Ales Dolenec, Vojko Strojnik

¹Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Gortanova 22, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. katja.tomazin@fsp.uni-lj.si

European Journal of Applied Physiology

|February 2, 2008

Summary

Alpine slalom skiing induces high-frequency fatigue (HFF) in athletes, characterized by reduced muscle torque at higher stimulation frequencies. This fatigue is typical of short, high-intensity exercises.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Ultrasonic Fatigue Testing in the Tension-Compression Mode

Ultrasonic Fatigue Testing in the Tension-Compression Mode

Published on: March 7, 2018

Area of Science:

Sports Science
Exercise Physiology
Biomechanics

Background:

Alpine slalom skiing is a demanding sport requiring explosive power and rapid muscle contractions.
Understanding the physiological responses, particularly muscle fatigue, is crucial for optimizing training and performance.
High-frequency fatigue (HFF) is a specific type of muscle fatigue that affects the muscle's ability to generate force rapidly.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the presence and characteristics of high-frequency fatigue (HFF) following a simulated alpine slalom skiing race.
To assess changes in neuromuscular function, including muscle torque and twitch response, after the skiing exercise.

Main Methods:

Eight male alpine skiers performed a simulated slalom race (45 gates, ~45 seconds).
Neuromuscular function was assessed before and after the race, including knee extensor torque at low (20 Hz) and high (100 Hz) frequencies, and twitch response.
Blood lactate levels were measured pre- and post-exercise.

Main Results:

Alpine slalom skiing significantly increased blood lactate levels.
Post-exercise, twitch contraction time shortened, and peak twitch torque was potentiated.
Crucially, high-frequency torque (100 Hz) significantly decreased 60 seconds after the race, while low-frequency torque (20 Hz) remained unchanged.
These findings indicate the development of HFF.

Conclusions:

Simulated alpine slalom skiing induces high-frequency fatigue (HFF) in elite male skiers.
HFF, characterized by a reduction in high-frequency muscle force production, is a typical response to high-intensity, short-duration exercises like slalom.
The findings highlight the specific nature of fatigue in alpine skiing and its impact on rapid force generation.