Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Landmark Annotation Demonstration on Human Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans
Published on: September 8, 2023
The clinical atlas of Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome
Katherine Balk1, Leslie G Biesecker
1National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4472, USA.
Abstract:
Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome (GCPS) is a rare multiple congenital anomaly syndrome that is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern and is caused by haploinsufficiency of the GLI3 gene. The syndrome typically includes preaxial or mixed pre- and postaxial polydactyly and cutaneous syndactyly, ocular hypertelorism, and macrocephaly in its typical forms, but sometimes includes hydrocephalus, seizures, mental retardation, and developmental delay in more severe cases. Patients with milder forms of GCPS can have subtle craniofacial dysmorphic features that are difficult to distinguish from normal variation. This article presents the spectrum of dysmorphic findings in GCPS highlighting some of its key presenting features to familiarize clinicians with the variable expressivity of the condition.
Related Concept Videos
Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies
Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
