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Related Concept Videos

Purposive Learning01:22

Purposive Learning

E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a bonus...
Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
Observational Learning01:12

Observational Learning

Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning because...
Introduction to Learning01:18

Introduction to Learning

Learning is the process of acquiring knowledge or skills through practice or experience, leading to long-lasting behavioral changes. This acquisition occurs through interaction with the environment and requires practice or experience. For instance, mastering a skill such as surfing requires considerable practice and experience, highlighting the essential role of repeated interactions with the environment in learning.
In contrast to learned behaviors, unlearned behaviors such as crying, sexual...
Associative Learning01:27

Associative Learning

Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
Classical conditioning, also known...
The Nativist Approach01:21

The Nativist Approach

The nativist approach to infant cognitive development proposes that infants are born with inherent knowledge structures that allow them to interpret the world almost immediately. This perspective contrasts with earlier developmental theories, such as those proposed by Jean Piaget, which emphasized a more gradual acquisition of cognitive abilities through interaction with the environment. One key concept in this approach is object permanence — the understanding that objects continue to exist...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques
08:05

Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques

Published on: June 30, 2020

Empiricist word learning.

Dan Ryder1, Oleg V Favorov

  • 1Department of Philosophy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27510-3125 dan@danryder.com http://www.danryder.com.

The Behavioral and Brain Sciences
|February 5, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Bloom's theory challenges empiricism by attributing advanced cognitive abilities to children. However, this research suggests empiricism can still incorporate key aspects of Bloom's developmental psychology findings.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Development
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Philosophy of Mind

Background:

  • Bloom's theory posits young children possess sophisticated cognitive resources, including theory of mind and essentialism.
  • This perspective appears to conflict with traditional empiricist learning theories like associationism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-evaluate the relationship between Bloom's theory and empiricism.
  • To demonstrate that empiricist frameworks can accommodate central tenets of Bloom's work.

Main Methods:

  • Philosophical analysis of Bloom's theory and empiricist principles.
  • Comparative examination of cognitive development and learning theories.

Main Results:

  • Bloom's attribution of advanced cognitive capacities to children does not inherently contradict empiricism.

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  • Key aspects of Bloom's developmental psychology can be integrated within an empiricist paradigm.

    • Conclusions:

    • Bloom's theory and empiricism are not mutually exclusive.
    • An updated empiricist approach can embrace Bloom's insights on child cognition and learning.