Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Hepatic Encephalopathy

Hepatic Encephalopathy

DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic shunting—including...

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...

Viral Meningitis

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

HydrOcortisone and fludRocortisoNe for critical ILLness-related corticosteroid insufficiency (HORNbILL): study protocol for a multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial.

BMJ open·2026

Same author

Ivermectin for Critically and Noncritically Ill Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19: Randomized, Embedded, Multifactorial Adaptive Platform Trial for Community-Acquired Pneumonia (REMAP-CAP).

Critical care medicine·2026

Same author

High risk of hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia in myasthenia gravis patients with type I IFN autoantibodies.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026

Same author

Rethinking fairness in unsupervised healthcare AI: A methodological scoping review.

Journal of biomedical informatics·2026

Same author

Real-world effectiveness and safety of zilucoplan in patients with anti-AChR myasthenia gravis: A retrospective cohort study in France.

Journal of neuromuscular diseases·2026

Same author

Intermediate dose heparin thromboprophylaxis among critically ill patients with COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial.

Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Design of Cecal Ligation and Puncture and Intranasal Infection Dual Model of Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression

Design of Cecal Ligation and Puncture and Intranasal Infection Dual Model of Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression

Published on: June 15, 2019

The encephalopathy in sepsis.

Shidasp Siami¹, Djillali Annane, Tarek Sharshar

¹General Intensive Care Unit, Raymond Poincaré Teaching Hospital (AP-HP), University of Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, 104 Boulevard Raymond Poincaré, 92380 Garches, France.

Critical Care Clinics

|February 5, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Sepsis can cause severe brain dysfunction, impacting diagnosis and outcomes. Early detection using neurological exams and biomarkers is crucial, though specific treatments remain underdeveloped.

More Related Videos

A Reproducible Intensive Care Unit-Oriented Endotoxin Model in Rats

A Reproducible Intensive Care Unit-Oriented Endotoxin Model in Rats

Published on: February 20, 2021

Cecal Ligation Puncture Procedure

Cecal Ligation Puncture Procedure

Published on: May 7, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Design of Cecal Ligation and Puncture and Intranasal Infection Dual Model of Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression

Design of Cecal Ligation and Puncture and Intranasal Infection Dual Model of Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression

Published on: June 15, 2019

A Reproducible Intensive Care Unit-Oriented Endotoxin Model in Rats

A Reproducible Intensive Care Unit-Oriented Endotoxin Model in Rats

Published on: February 20, 2021

Cecal Ligation Puncture Procedure

Cecal Ligation Puncture Procedure

Published on: May 7, 2011

Area of Science:

Neurology
Critical Care Medicine
Neuroscience

Background:

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a frequent and severe complication of sepsis, with incidence rates from 9% to 71%.
SAE significantly increases patient morbidity and mortality.
Current diagnosis relies heavily on clinical neurological examination, with symptoms varying from confusion to coma.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current understanding of sepsis-associated encephalopathy.
To highlight diagnostic methods and underlying mechanisms.
To emphasize the need for targeted therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on sepsis-associated encephalopathy.
Analysis of diagnostic tools including neurological examination, electroencephalogram (EEG), somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs), and biomarkers like S-100b protein and neuron-specific enolase.
Examination of neuroimaging techniques such as Brain MRI for identifying lesions.
Discussion of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in SAE.

Main Results:

Neurological examination is the primary diagnostic tool, but objective measures like EEG, SSEPs, and specific biomarkers aid detection.
Brain MRI can reveal structural lesions including cerebral infarction, PRES, and leukoencephalopathy.
Pathophysiology involves complex inflammatory and non-inflammatory pathways affecting brain cells and the blood-brain barrier.

Conclusions:

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy is a critical condition requiring improved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
While current management focuses on sepsis treatment, specific interventions for SAE are needed.
Further research into the mechanisms of SAE is essential for developing targeted therapies.