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Related Concept Videos

Network Function of a Circuit01:25

Network Function of a Circuit

Frequency response analysis in electrical circuits provides vital insights into a circuit's behavior as the frequency of the input signal changes. The transfer function, a mathematical tool, is instrumental in understanding this behavior. It defines the relationship between phasor output and input and comes in four types: voltage gain, current gain, transfer impedance, and transfer admittance. The critical components of the transfer function are the poles and zeros.
Circuit Terminology01:14

Circuit Terminology

An electrical network is a system composed of interconnected elements, such as resistors, capacitors, inductors, and voltage or current sources. Unlike a circuit, an electrical network does not necessarily form a closed path. In other words, while all circuits can be considered networks due to their interconnected nature, not every network qualifies as a circuit.
A circuit, on the other hand, is also an interconnected system of electrical elements but must contain one or more closed paths.
Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics01:20

Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

The second law of thermodynamics can be stated quantitatively using the concept of entropy. Entropy is the measure of disorder of the system.
The relation  between entropy and disorder can be illustrated with the example of the phase change of ice to water. In ice, the molecules are located at specific sites giving a solid state, whereas, in a liquid form, these molecules are much freer to move. The molecular arrangement has therefore become more randomized. Although the change in average...
Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics01:26

Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

Consider an isolated system in which a hot object is placed in contact with a cold one. This is an irreversible process that eventually leads both objects to reach the same equilibrium temperature. It is crucial to note that the constituents of any substance exhibit increased disorder at higher temperatures. As a cold substance absorbs heat, its constituents become more disordered. The energy transfer from a hotter object to a cooler one increases the system's disorder or randomness. This...
Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
Entropy02:39

Entropy

Salt particles that have dissolved in water never spontaneously come back together in solution to reform solid particles. Moreover, a gas that has expanded in a vacuum remains dispersed and never spontaneously reassembles. The unidirectional nature of these phenomena is the result of a thermodynamic state function called entropy (S). Entropy is the measure of the extent to which the energy is dispersed throughout a system, or in other words, it is proportional to the degree of disorder of a...

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Modeling the Functional Network for Spatial Navigation in the Human Brain
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Structural information content of networks: graph entropy based on local vertex functionals.

Matthias Dehmer1, Frank Emmert-Streib

  • 1Institute of Discrete Mathematics and Geometry, Vienna University of Technology, TU Vienna, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. mdehmer@geometrie.tuwien.ac.at

Computational Biology and Chemistry
|February 5, 2008
PubMed
Summary

We introduce graph entropy as a measure of structural information content in graphs. This efficient computation method is applicable to large chemical graphs, revealing their properties.

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Area of Science:

  • Graph theory
  • Chemical informatics
  • Information theory

Background:

  • Assessing structural information in graphs is crucial for various scientific domains.
  • Existing methods for calculating graph properties can be computationally intensive.
  • A need exists for efficient and scalable measures of graph complexity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define and compute the structural information content of graphs using graph entropy.
  • To establish a computationally efficient method for calculating graph entropy.
  • To demonstrate the application of graph entropy to chemical graphs.

Main Methods:

  • Defining graph entropy based on local vertex functionals.
  • Utilizing Dijkstra's algorithm to compute j-spheres for local vertex functionals.
  • Proving polynomial time complexity for graph entropy calculation.
  • Applying the method to analyze chemical graphs.

Main Results:

  • Graph entropy is proposed as a measure of structural information content.
  • The calculation of graph entropy and local vertex functionals is shown to have polynomial time complexity.
  • Numerical results for chemical graphs are presented, highlighting their properties.

Conclusions:

  • Graph entropy provides an efficient and scalable measure for the structural information content of graphs.
  • The polynomial time complexity enables the analysis of large and complex graph structures, particularly in chemistry.
  • This approach offers new insights into the properties of chemical graphs.