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Updated: Jul 7, 2026

A Stable Phantom Material for Optical and Acoustic Imaging
Published on: June 16, 2023
Diffraction effects in hydrophone measurements
A Goldstein1, D R Gandhi, W R O'Brien
1Dept. of Radiol., Detroit Receiving Hosp., Detroit, MI.
Abstract:
Theoretical and experimental methodology are presented for accurately determining the effective radii of unfocused, circular plane piston transducers as well as using tone burst hydrophone measurements to verify steady-state theoretical calculations. Experiments using two specially fabricated unfocused, composite piezoelectric transducers demonstrate the validity of the methodology. For spherically focused circular transducers, a simple model is used to estimate the transient diffraction encountered in co-axial flat hydrophone measurements.
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