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Real-time Monitoring of High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) Ablation of In Vitro Canine Livers Using Harmonic Motion Imaging for Focused Ultrasound (HMIFU)

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Y Y Botros¹, E S Ebbini, J L Volakis

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Summary

This study introduces a novel method for noninvasively focusing high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) through the rib cage, enabling liver tumor treatment by overcoming rib shadowing.

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Area of Science:

Medical physics
Biomedical engineering
Acoustic imaging

Background:

High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a promising noninvasive treatment modality.
Rib cage structures can obstruct ultrasound beams, limiting therapeutic applications like liver tumor treatment.
Phased array applicators are crucial for precise ultrasound focusing.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and investigate a new methodology for noninvasively focusing ultrasonic beams in the presence of the rib cage.
To enable effective HIFU treatment for liver tumors partially shadowed by rib obstacles.
To facilitate efficient ultrasound computational analysis and pattern synthesis within the rib cage interior.

Main Methods:

Introduction of a virtual array along intercostal spacings to generate prespecified intensity levels at control points.
Design of an actual feed array to induce virtual sources between intercostal spacings.
Optimization using pseudo-inverse technique (minimum norm least squares) and a constrained preconditioned pseudo-inverse method.

Main Results:

The proposed technique successfully calculates required primary sources for the feed array.
Minimal power deposition over solid obstacles (ribs) is maintained during the process.
The methodology allows for effective ultrasound beam focusing despite rib cage interference.

Conclusions:

The developed methodology provides a viable solution for noninvasive ultrasound focusing through the rib cage.
This approach enhances the applicability of HIFU for treating abdominal tumors obscured by the ribs.
The technique ensures safety by minimizing unintended energy deposition on bone structures.