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Related Concept Videos

Sound Waves: Resonance01:14

Sound Waves: Resonance

Resonance is produced depending on the boundary conditions imposed on a wave. Resonance can be produced in a string under tension with symmetrical boundary conditions (i.e., has a node at each end). A node is defined as a fixed point where the string does not move. The symmetrical boundary conditions result in some frequencies resonating and producing standing waves, while other frequencies interfere destructively. Sound waves can resonate in a hollow tube, and the frequencies of the sound...
Concept of Resonance and its Characteristics01:19

Concept of Resonance and its Characteristics

If a driven oscillator needs to resonate at a specific frequency, then very light damping is required. An example of light damping includes playing piano strings and many other musical instruments. Conversely, to achieve small-amplitude oscillations as in a car's suspension system, heavy damping is required. Heavy damping reduces the amplitude, but the tradeoff is that the system responds at more frequencies. Speed bumps and gravel roads prove that even a car's suspension system is not immune...
Parallel Resonance01:23

Parallel Resonance

The parallel RLC circuit is an arrangement where the resistor (R), inductor (L), and capacitor (C) are all connected to the same nodes and, as a result, share the same voltage across them. The parallel RLC circuit is analyzed in terms of admittance (Y), which reflects the ease with which current can flow. The admittance is given by:
Design Example: Underdamped Parallel RLC Circuit01:17

Design Example: Underdamped Parallel RLC Circuit

Consider designing an oscillator circuit, a crucial component in various electronic devices and systems. The objective is to create an oscillator circuit with specific characteristics: a damped natural frequency of 4 kHz and a damping factor of 4 radians per second. To accomplish this, a parallel RLC circuit is employed, known for its ability to sustain oscillations at a resonant frequency. In this case, the damping factor is pivotal in achieving the desired performance.
Starting with a fixed...
Characteristics of Series Resonant Circuit01:24

Characteristics of Series Resonant Circuit

Series resonance occurs in a circuit containing inductive (L), capacitive (C), and resistive (R) elements connected sequentially. At the resonance frequency, the inductive and capacitive reactances are equal in magnitude but opposite in sign, effectively canceling each other. This causes the circuit's impedance is minimal, primarily determined by the resistance R. The resonant frequency of an RLC circuit is defined as:
Oscillations In An LC Circuit01:30

Oscillations In An LC Circuit

An idealized LC circuit of zero resistance can oscillate without any source of emf by shifting the energy stored in the circuit between the electric and magnetic fields. In such an LC circuit, if the capacitor contains a charge q before the switch is closed, then all the energy of the circuit is initially stored in the electric field of the capacitor. This energy is given by

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Fabrication and Testing of Microfluidic Optomechanical Oscillators
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Fabrication and Testing of Microfluidic Optomechanical Oscillators

Published on: May 29, 2014

Noise in microelectromechanical system resonators.

J R Vig1, Y Kim

  • 1US Army Commun.-Electron. Command, Ft. Monmouth, NJ.

IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control
|February 5, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reducing the size of micro/nano-electromechanical resonators amplifies noise from various sources. This increased noise, particularly from temperature and molecular fluctuations, limits the application of ultra-small resonators.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Electrical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) offer resonant frequencies from kHz to GHz.
  • Scaling down resonator dimensions introduces novel noise effects not seen in macro-scale devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how resonator stability and noise characteristics change with decreasing dimensions.
  • To identify key noise sources impacting the performance of small-scale resonators.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of various noise sources including thermal fluctuations, molecular adsorption/desorption, Brownian motion, Johnson noise, and external vibrations.
  • Examination of the scaling of these noise effects with device dimensions.

Main Results:

  • For most noise sources, reducing resonator dimensions leads to increased noise levels.
  • At submicron scales, frequency noise from temperature fluctuations, Johnson noise, and adsorption/desorption become dominant limitations.

Conclusions:

  • The stability of MEMS and NEMS resonators is significantly impacted by noise sources that become prominent at smaller scales.
  • These noise limitations may restrict the practical applications of ultra-small resonators, particularly those operating at submicron dimensions.