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Lethality of suicide methods.

A A Elnour1, J Harrison

  • 1Research Centre for Injury Studies, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia. amr.abouelnour@flinders.edu.au

Injury Prevention : Journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention
|February 5, 2008
PubMed
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Firearms and hanging are the most lethal suicide methods in Australia. Lethality varies by age and sex, with changes observed over time, particularly a decline in hanging-related fatalities.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Suicidology

Background:

  • Suicide remains a significant public health concern globally.
  • Understanding the lethality of different suicide methods is crucial for targeted prevention strategies.
  • Previous research indicates variations in suicide method lethality across different populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the case fatality rates of suicide methods in Australia between 1993 and 2003.
  • To analyze method-specific case fatality in relation to age and sex.
  • To identify temporal trends in suicide method lethality during the study period.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Australian mortality and hospital separation data for self-harm episodes.
  • Controlled for double-counting by excluding fatal hospital cases from self-harm estimates.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Calculated overall and method-specific case fatality rates.

    • Main Results:

    • Overall case fatality for suicide attempts was 12%.
    • Firearms (90% lethality) and hanging (83% lethality) were the most lethal methods.
    • Males and older age groups exhibited higher case fatality rates across methods.
    • While firearm-related suicides decreased, hanging-related suicides increased; lethality for hanging, poisoning, sharp objects, and vehicle crashes declined over time.

    Conclusions:

    • Method-specific suicide lethality differs significantly by gender and age, consistent with international findings.
    • This study highlights evolving trends in suicide method lethality over time.
    • Further research is needed to understand the drivers of these changes to inform effective suicide prevention efforts.