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Related Concept Videos

Teeth01:15

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin and...
Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or grinding food.

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Buccal cervical access preparation in single-rooted mandibular premolars - A case series with 24-month follow-up.

Journal of conservative dentistry and endodontics·2026
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Effect of salinity on the feeding behavior of <i>Cordylophora caspia</i> (Pallas, 1771) (Hydrozoa).

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Growth Patterns and Permanent Tooth Eruption in 5-18-Year-Old School Children of Chennai, India: A Correlational Analysis.

American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council·2025
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Systematic Assessment of Mammalian Skull Specimens for Dental and Temporomandibular Joint Pathology
07:26

Systematic Assessment of Mammalian Skull Specimens for Dental and Temporomandibular Joint Pathology

Published on: August 22, 2022

Two-rooted mandibular second premolars: case report and survey.

R Prakash1, S Nandini, Suma Ballal

  • 1Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, India.

Indian Journal of Dental Research : Official Publication of Indian Society for Dental Research
|February 5, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Extra roots in mandibular second premolars are rare but can be successfully managed with endodontic treatment. This study details a case and provides data on the incidence of these rare anatomical variations.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Systematic Assessment of Mammalian Skull Specimens for Dental and Temporomandibular Joint Pathology
07:26

Systematic Assessment of Mammalian Skull Specimens for Dental and Temporomandibular Joint Pathology

Published on: August 22, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Dentistry
  • Endodontics
  • Dental Anatomy

Background:

  • Mandibular second premolars are known for complex root anatomy.
  • While extra canals are frequently reported, extra roots are exceptionally rare.

Observation:

  • A case of a two-rooted mandibular second premolar requiring endodontic management was documented.
  • Radiographic appraisal was the standard for identifying extra roots.

Findings:

  • The study examined 600 patients over four months.
  • Eight patients presented with an extra root in a mandibular second premolar.
  • Three patients exhibited bilateral two-rooted mandibular second premolars.

Implications:

  • Successful endodontic management of rare root morphologies is possible.
  • Understanding the incidence of extra roots aids in diagnosis and treatment planning.
  • Highlights the importance of thorough radiographic assessment in endodontics.