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Related Concept Videos

Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis01:21

Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis

Mass spectrometry is an important technique for the identification of pure compounds. However, it has some limitations for the analysis of complex mixtures, often due to excessive fragmentation making the spectrum too complicated to decipher. Mass spectrometry can be combined with suitable separation methods in sequence, forming hyphenated methods, which are useful in the analysis of complex mixtures.
GC–MS is a powerful hyphenated method commonly used in forensics and environmental...
Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS)01:14

Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS)

Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) is the combination of analytical techniques of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry in a single instrument for analyzing a mixture of compounds. The gas chromatograph separates the compounds in the mixture, and the mass spectrometer analyzes each compound separately to determine the molecular masses and molecular structures.
A gas chromatograph consists of a long, narrow capillary column with a polysiloxane coating on the inner wall. The coating...
Peptide Identification Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:33

Peptide Identification Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Tandem mass spectrometry, also known as MS/MS or MS2, is an analytical technique that employs two mass analyzers. Essentially it is a series of mass spectrometers that helps isolate a particular biomolecule and then helps study its chemical properties.
This technique helps gather information regarding the protein from which the peptide was obtained and to study the peptides’ amino acid sequence. Identifying peptides from a complex mixture is an important component of the growing field of...
Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:21

Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and reduce chemical noise during analyte detection. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.Secondary fragmentations occur in the interaction cell and can be induced by various factors. Fragmentation induced by collision with inert gases, such as N2, Ar, He, etc., is called...
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation00:57

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation

High-performance liquid chromatography, or HPLC, is an analytical technique that separates liquid samples under high pressures. An HPLC instrument consists of glass bottles for storing solvents called mobile phase reservoirs. HPLC-grade solvents are used to maintain high purity, and the dissolved gases are removed using a degasser, such as a vacuum pumping system or sparging with helium. The solvents are then pumped into the analytical column using a screw-driven syringe or reciprocating pumps.
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Types of Detectors01:15

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Types of Detectors

The role of the detectors in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is to analyze the solutes as they exit from the chromatographic column. The detector recognizes the solute's property and generates corresponding electrical signals, which are converted into a readable graph of the detector's response versus elution time called a chromatogram at the computer. There are several types of HPLC detectors, each with its own advantages and limitations, depending on the analyte properties and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Refractive Index or Mass Spectrometric Detection for Metabolite Profiling in Lysate-based Cell-free Systems
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Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Refractive Index or Mass Spectrometric Detection for Metabolite Profiling in Lysate-based Cell-free Systems

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Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry.

Jaroslav Pól1, Tuulia Hyötyläinen

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
|February 5, 2008
PubMed
Summary

This review covers instrumental aspects of comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LCxLC-MS). It details instrument configuration, experimental conditions, interfaces, and applications for advanced analytical separations.

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Untargeted Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics Analysis of Wheat Grain
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Untargeted Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics Analysis of Wheat Grain

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Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Refractive Index or Mass Spectrometric Detection for Metabolite Profiling in Lysate-based Cell-free Systems
14:42

Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Refractive Index or Mass Spectrometric Detection for Metabolite Profiling in Lysate-based Cell-free Systems

Published on: September 23, 2021

Untargeted Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics Analysis of Wheat Grain
07:10

Untargeted Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics Analysis of Wheat Grain

Published on: March 13, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Chromatography
  • Mass Spectrometry

Background:

  • Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LCxLC) offers enhanced separation power.
  • Coupling LCxLC with mass spectrometry (MS) provides high sensitivity and specificity.
  • Advancements in instrumentation are crucial for unlocking the full potential of LCxLC-MS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a comprehensive overview of the instrumental aspects of LCxLC-MS.
  • To summarize key milestones in the development of LCxLC technology.
  • To describe current applications and future directions for LCxLC-MS systems.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature focusing on instrumental developments in LCxLC-MS.
  • Discussion of instrument configuration and optimization strategies.
  • Analysis of various interfaces and their impact on system performance.

Main Results:

  • Detailed description of LCxLC-MS instrument setups.
  • Explanation of how experimental conditions influence separation efficiency.
  • Overview of different interface designs and their suitability for various applications.
  • Summary of current applications in fields like proteomics and metabolomics.

Conclusions:

  • LCxLC-MS is a powerful technique for complex sample analysis.
  • Continued instrumental innovation is driving the expansion of LCxLC-MS applications.
  • The review provides a valuable resource for researchers utilizing or developing LCxLC-MS systems.