Sorption of thiamethoxam in three Indian soils

The sorption behavior of the insecticide thiamethoxam [3-(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-5-methyl-1,3,5-oxadiazinan-4-ylidene(nitro)amine] on three Indian soils with different physico-chemical properties was investigated. The soils represent the major grapevine growing areas of India, where the vineyards frequently receive thiamethoxam applications as foliar spray, soil drenching and through drip irrigation for the management of various insect pests. The rate constants for adsorption and desorption at two different temperatures were obtained from the Lindstrom model, which simultaneously evaluated adsorption and desorption kinetics. The data for rate constants, activation energies, enthalpy of activation, entropy of activation and free energy indicated physical adsorption of thiamethoxam on soil. The adsorptivity of different soils might be attributed to the organic matter and clay contents. A good fit to the linear and Freundlich isotherms was observed for both adsorption as well as desorption. Thiamethoxam could be categorized as a chemical with medium leaching potential.