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Related Concept Videos

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists01:27

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists

5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists01:28

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists

Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors are distributed across the GI tract, vagal afferents, and key CNS regions including the central vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Chemotherapy agents stimulate enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to release large amounts of substance P (SP). SP is a neuropeptide released by specific sensory nerves in response to many different stressors, including those in the GI mucosa affected by chemotherapy.  SP binds and activates these...
Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention01:27

Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention

Management of renal calculi focuses on effective strategies like tailored nutrition and hydration therapy. Adjusting diet and fluid intake reduces stone formation and recurrence, making these interventions simple yet powerful in kidney stone prevention and management.Understanding Kidney StonesKidney stones form when calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and cystine concentrate and crystallize in urine. Factors contributing to their formation include genetic predisposition, certain medical conditions,...
Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure01:26

Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure

Preoperative ManagementThe primary goals of preoperative management in kidney transplantation are to optimize the patient’s metabolic state and prepare them for surgery through diet adjustments, necessary dialysis, and tailored medical treatment. This phase also involves comprehensive infection screening and patient education about the surgical procedure and postoperative care to improve outcomes and adherence.Medical ManagementA comprehensive evaluation is required for both the living donor...

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Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Induction of Invasive Transitional Cell Bladder Carcinoma in Immune Intact Human MUC1 Transgenic Mice: A Model for Immunotherapy Development
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Induction of Invasive Transitional Cell Bladder Carcinoma in Immune Intact Human MUC1 Transgenic Mice: A Model for Immunotherapy Development

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Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for bladder cancer.

Guru Sonpavde1, Seth P Lerner

  • 1Department of Medicine, Section of Medical Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Webster 77598, USA. guru.sonpavde@usoncology.com

Oncology (Williston Park, N.Y.)
|February 6, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin improves survival for advanced bladder cancer patients. This treatment is now a standard of care and may help preserve the bladder.

Area of Science:

  • Uro-oncology
  • Medical oncology
  • Surgical oncology

Background:

  • Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) often presents with occult distant micrometastasis, leading to distant failures post-cystectomy.
  • Cisplatin-based chemotherapy improves survival in metastatic urothelial cancer.
  • Previous adjuvant chemotherapy studies lacked statistical power.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the role and benefits of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced bladder cancer.
  • To establish neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy as a standard of care.
  • To explore bladder preservation strategies using neoadjuvant therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of randomized clinical trials on neoadjuvant chemotherapy for MIBC.
  • Analysis of survival data and prognostic factors, including pathologic complete remission.

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  • Assessment of outcomes for patients unfit for or refusing radical cystectomy.

    • Main Results:

    • Randomized trials demonstrate a survival benefit for neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy.
    • Pathologic complete remission is a strong prognostic factor for long-term outcomes.
    • Neoadjuvant therapy can facilitate bladder preservation in select patients.

    Conclusions:

    • Neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy is a standard of care for locally advanced bladder cancer.
    • Neoadjuvant therapy aids in developing novel systemic treatments and predicting outcomes.
    • Chemotherapy with or without radiation offers a bladder-sparing option for eligible patients.