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Updated: Jul 7, 2026

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MMPI-2 patterns in electrical injury: a controlled investigation.

A H Wicklund1, A Ammar, J C Weitlauf

  • 1University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychiatry, Chicago, IL 60612-7327, USA.

The Clinical Neuropsychologist
|February 6, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Electrical injury (EI) patients often experience psychological distress, particularly depression and anxiety. This study found EI patients show distinct MMPI-2 profiles, with higher somatic symptoms compared to chronic pain sufferers.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Neurology
  • Medical Research

Background:

  • Electrical injury (EI) is associated with significant psychological consequences, including depression, PTSD, anxiety, and somatic preoccupation.
  • Understanding the psychological distress profiles in EI patients is crucial for effective treatment and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize psychological distress profiles in electrical injury (EI) patients using the MMPI-2.
  • To examine the relationship between EI psychological profiles and injury parameters (time since injury, loss of consciousness, voltage) and extra-diagnostic factors (litigation status).
  • To compare EI psychological profiles with those of mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) and chronic pain (CP) patients.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the MMPI-2 (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2) to assess psychological distress in 79 EI patients.

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  • Analyzed the relationship between MMPI-2 profiles and injury parameters and litigation status.
  • Compared MMPI-2 profiles of EI patients with TBI and CP patient groups.

    • Main Results:

    • EI patients exhibited clinical elevations on the Hypochondriasis (Hs) and Hysteria (Hy) scales, and near-clinical levels on the Depression (D) scale.
    • Time since injury was a predictor, with post-acute phase patients reporting more distress.
    • EI patients showed significantly higher Hs and Hy scores than CP patients, and endorsed more somatic symptoms than CP patients. No significant differences were found between EI and TBI groups.

    Conclusions:

    • MMPI-2 profiles can characterize psychological distress in EI patients, highlighting elevated somatic concerns.
    • Findings suggest distinct psychological distress patterns in EI compared to chronic pain, with similarities to TBI patients.
    • Further research is needed to explore the implications for treatment and long-term outcomes in EI survivors.