A [4 + 2] cycloaddition strategy to pyridine boronic ester derivatives.
Patrick M Delaney1, Jianhui Huang, Simon J F Macdonald
1Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom.
Alkynylboronate cycloadditions offer a direct method for synthesizing functionalized pyridine boronic esters. This regioselective route efficiently produces valuable pyridine boronic ester derivatives from 1,4-oxazin-2-ones and 2-pyrazinones.
Area of Science:
- Organic Chemistry
- Synthetic Chemistry
Background:
- Pyridine boronic esters are crucial building blocks in organic synthesis.
- Developing efficient and regioselective synthetic routes is essential for accessing diverse pyridine derivatives.
Purpose of the Study:
- To establish a direct and regioselective synthetic method for functionalized pyridine boronic ester derivatives.
Main Methods:
- Utilizing alkynylboronate cycloaddition reactions.
- Employing 1,4-oxazin-2-ones and 2-pyrazinones as starting materials.
Main Results:
- A direct and regioselective route to functionalized pyridine boronic ester derivatives was achieved.
- The cycloaddition provides efficient access to valuable pyridine boronic ester compounds.
Conclusions:
- Alkynylboronate cycloadditions represent a powerful strategy for the synthesis of pyridine boronic esters.
- This method offers a regioselective and direct pathway to functionalized pyridine derivatives.
Related Concept Videos
Cycloaddition Reactions: Overview
[4+2] Cycloaddition of Conjugated Dienes: Diels–Alder Reaction
Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation
Alkynes to Aldehydes and Ketones: Hydroboration-Oxidation
One of the convenient methods for the preparation of aldehydes and ketones is via hydration of alkynes. Hydroboration-oxidation of alkynes is an indirect hydration reaction in which an alkyne is treated with borane followed by oxidation with alkaline peroxide to form an enol that rapidly converts into an aldehyde or a ketone. Terminal alkynes form aldehydes, whereas internal alkynes give ketones as the final product.
Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Hydroboration
Hydroboration proceeds in a concerted fashion with the attack of borane on the π bond, giving a cyclic four-centered transition state. The –BH2 group is bonded to the less substituted carbon and –H to the more substituted carbon. The concerted nature requires the simultaneous addition of –H and –BH2 across the same face of the alkene giving syn stereochemistry.
Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes


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