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Sound Waves: Interference

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Sound waves can be modeled either as longitudinal waves, wherein the molecules of the medium oscillate around an equilibrium position, or as pressure waves. When two identical waves from the same source superimpose on each other, the combination of two crests or two troughs results in amplitude reinforcement known as constructive interference. If two identical waves, that are initially in phase, become out of phase because of different path lengths, the combination of crests with troughs...

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Experimental Investigation of Secondary Flow Structures Downstream of a Model Type IV Stent Failure in a 180° Curved Artery Test Section

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Spatial structure of low-frequency wind noise.

D Keith Wilson¹, Roy J Greenfield, Michael J White

¹US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 72 Lyme Rd., Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA. d.keith.wilson@erdc.usace.army.mil

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

|February 6, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals that low-frequency wind noise has smaller spatial scales and coherence than sound waves. Understanding these properties is crucial for improving acoustic array measurements.

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Area of Science:

Acoustics
Fluid Dynamics
Signal Processing

Background:

Microphone wind noise, characterized by turbulent pressure disturbances, can contaminate acoustic measurements.
Conventional acoustic arrays may be susceptible to wind noise, especially at low frequencies and with small sensor spacing.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the spatial characteristics of low-frequency microphone wind noise.
To compare the spatial properties of wind noise with those of acoustic waves.
To inform the development of improved acoustic array processing techniques.

Main Methods:

Utilized a planar, 49-element microphone array.
Employed wavelet processing to image individual, propagating transient pressure disturbances.
Analyzed spatial coherence and scale of wind noise events.

Main Results:

Low-frequency wind noise disturbances are significantly smaller in scale compared to acoustic waves within the studied frequency range.
Wind noise exhibits lower spatial coherence than sound waves.
Found that conventional array processing is sensitive to wind noise when sensor spacing is small relative to acoustic wavelengths.

Conclusions:

The distinct spatial properties of wind noise necessitate specialized processing for accurate acoustic measurements.
Wavelet-based imaging provides a method to differentiate and characterize wind noise events.
Findings highlight the importance of considering sensor array design and processing strategies to mitigate wind noise interference.