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Related Concept Videos

Parallel Resonance01:23

Parallel Resonance

The parallel RLC circuit is an arrangement where the resistor (R), inductor (L), and capacitor (C) are all connected to the same nodes and, as a result, share the same voltage across them. The parallel RLC circuit is analyzed in terms of admittance (Y), which reflects the ease with which current can flow. The admittance is given by:
Echo01:06

Echo

The human ear cannot distinguish between two sources of sound if they happen to reach within a specific time interval, typically 0.1 seconds apart. More than this, and they are perceived as separate sources.
Imagine the sound is reflected back to the ears. Assuming that the source is very close to the human, the difference between hearing the two sounds—the emitted sound and the reflected sound—may be more than the minimum time for perceiving distinct sounds. If this is the case, then the...
Passive Filters01:27

Passive Filters

Passive filters are utilized to shape the frequency spectrum of signals across a diverse array of applications. These filters, using only passive elements like resistors (R), inductors (L), and capacitors (C), are capable of selectively allowing or blocking certain frequency ranges without the need for external power sources.
Low-Pass Filters
Low-pass filters are designed to transmit signals with frequencies lower than the cutoff frequency, ωc, and attenuate those above it. The cutoff frequency...
Active Filters01:25

Active Filters

Active filters are electronic circuits that use operational amplifiers (op-amps), resistors, and capacitors to filter out unwanted frequency components from a signal. A first-order low-pass active filter is designed to pass signals with a frequency lower than a certain cutoff frequency and attenuate frequencies higher than that cutoff frequency. The transfer function for a first-order low-pass active filter is:
Sound Waves: Interference00:53

Sound Waves: Interference

Sound waves can be modeled either as longitudinal waves, wherein the molecules of the medium oscillate around an equilibrium position, or as pressure waves. When two identical waves from the same source superimpose on each other, the combination of two crests or two troughs results in amplitude reinforcement known as constructive interference. If two identical waves, that are initially in phase, become out of phase because of different path lengths, the combination of crests with troughs...
Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...

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A Dual Task Procedure Combined with Rapid Serial Visual Presentation to Test Attentional Blink for Nontargets
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Published on: December 5, 2014

Passive reverberation nulling for target enhancement.

H C Song1, W S Hodgkiss, W A Kuperman

  • 1Marine Physical Laboratory, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California 92093-0238, USA. hcsong@mpl.ucsd.edu

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|February 6, 2008
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces passive reverberation nulling to enhance underwater acoustics. This method suppresses boundary reverberation without prior channel knowledge, improving target detection in complex acoustic environments.

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Area of Science:

  • Underwater acoustics
  • Signal processing
  • Acoustic sensing

Background:

  • Time reversal focusing enhances echo-to-reverberation, but requires channel response knowledge.
  • Active reverberation nulling is feasible without channel knowledge, using observed reverberation.
  • Boundary reverberation complicates target detection in waveguides.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and evaluate a passive reverberation nulling technique.
  • To demonstrate improved target detectability in reverberant underwater environments.
  • To reduce the reliance on prior channel information for acoustic focusing.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing observed reverberation to define source-boundary responses.
  • Developing range-dependent projection operators based on reverberation data.
  • Applying projection operators to received data to diminish reverberation.
  • Simulating target presence with an echo repeater for experimental validation.

Main Results:

  • Passive reverberation nulling effectively diminishes reverberation.
  • The proposed method improves target detectability.
  • Experimental data validates the efficacy of the passive approach.
  • Successful suppression of boundary reverberation was achieved.

Conclusions:

  • Passive reverberation nulling offers a viable alternative to active methods.
  • This technique enhances acoustic sensing in reverberant conditions.
  • It provides a practical solution for improving target detection without channel knowledge.