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In Vitro Fertilization

In Vitro Fertilization

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology where an egg is fertilized with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment before transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus. This process is designed to help individuals and couples experiencing difficulties conceiving.
The IVF process begins with ovarian stimulation, during which reproductive endocrinologists prescribe hormonal medications to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs instead of the single...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Minimally Invasive Embryo Transfer and Embryo Vitrification at the Optimal Embryo Stage in Rabbit Model

Minimally Invasive Embryo Transfer and Embryo Vitrification at the Optimal Embryo Stage in Rabbit Model

Published on: May 16, 2019

Encouraging patient-driven single-embryo transfer.

Emily S Jungheim¹, Valerie S Ratts, Aimee S Chang

¹Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri 63108, USA. jungheime@wustl.edu

Fertility and Sterility

|February 6, 2008

Summary

Single-embryo transfer (SET) can help avoid multiple births in in vitro fertilization (IVF). Even women with unfavorable prognoses can achieve healthy singleton pregnancies with patient-driven SET, challenging traditional guidelines.

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Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Minimally Invasive Embryo Transfer and Embryo Vitrification at the Optimal Embryo Stage in Rabbit Model

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Published on: May 16, 2019

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Published on: July 26, 2019

Area of Science:

Reproductive Medicine
In Vitro Fertilization

Background:

Single-embryo transfer (SET) is crucial for preventing multiple pregnancies in in vitro fertilization (IVF).
Women with unfavorable IVF prognoses are often discouraged from SET, even if they wish to avoid multiples.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the success of patient-driven SET in women with unfavorable IVF prognoses.
To assess the outcomes of SET in a clinical setting beyond established guidelines.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of IVF cycles involving single-embryo transfer.
Inclusion of patients who requested SET, irrespective of meeting all American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) guidelines.

Main Results:

54% of women who requested SET delivered healthy singletons.
Only two patients met the ASRM SET guidelines, indicating success rates beyond strict criteria.

Conclusions:

Patient-driven SET can lead to successful singleton births even in cases with unfavorable IVF prognosis.
Encouraging SET based on patient desire, rather than solely on strict guidelines, can be beneficial.