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Related Concept Videos

Caspases01:24

Caspases

Caspase, a family of cysteine proteases, serve as effectors in apoptosis. The ced3 gene in C.elegans was first identified to be involved in apoptosis. This gene encodes the ced-3 caspase that is similar to the interleukin-1-beta converting enzyme or ICE in mammals. In addition to apoptosis, caspases also function in the inflammatory response. Inflammatory caspases are essential in activating pro-inflammatory cytokines that recruit immune cells and block the replication of pathogens inside cells.
The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:31

The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
Apoptosis01:30

Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size reduction of the tissue.
Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and pro-apoptotic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Lighting Up the Pathways to Caspase Activation Using Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation
08:47

Lighting Up the Pathways to Caspase Activation Using Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation

Published on: March 5, 2018

Caspase-14 reveals its secrets.

Geertrui Denecker1, Petra Ovaere, Peter Vandenabeele

  • 1Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), 9052 Ghent, Belgium.

The Journal of Cell Biology
|February 6, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Caspase-14 is crucial for skin barrier formation and keratinocyte differentiation. Its deficiency impairs filaggrin degradation and epidermal protection against dehydration and UVB radiation.

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Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Lighting Up the Pathways to Caspase Activation Using Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation
08:47

Lighting Up the Pathways to Caspase Activation Using Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation

Published on: March 5, 2018

Measuring Caspase Activity Using a Fluorometric Assay or Flow Cytometry
05:29

Measuring Caspase Activity Using a Fluorometric Assay or Flow Cytometry

Published on: March 24, 2023

Exploring Caspase Mutations and Post-Translational Modification by Molecular Modeling Approaches
05:56

Exploring Caspase Mutations and Post-Translational Modification by Molecular Modeling Approaches

Published on: October 13, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Dermatology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Caspases are key regulators of inflammation and apoptosis.
  • Caspase-14 expression is specific to cornifying epithelia, particularly the skin.
  • Evidence suggests caspases are involved in cell proliferation and differentiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on caspase-14.
  • To highlight its role in skin homeostasis and disease.
  • To discuss its function in keratinocyte differentiation and epidermal barrier formation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on caspase-14.
  • Analysis of studies involving caspase-14-deficient mice.
  • Investigation of caspase-14 substrates and activity in vitro.

Main Results:

  • Caspase-14 activation correlates with keratinocyte terminal differentiation and cornification.
  • Caspase-14 is essential for proper (pro)filaggrin degradation.
  • Caspase-14 deficiency leads to impaired epidermal barrier function.

Conclusions:

  • Caspase-14 plays a vital role in maintaining skin homeostasis.
  • It is critical for epidermal barrier integrity and protection against environmental stressors.
  • Understanding caspase-14 function is important for skin disease research.