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Related Concept Videos

Pneumonia I: Introduction01:29

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema

Emphysema, a major phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is characterized by irreversible destruction of alveolar walls and permanent enlargement of distal airspaces. Unlike chronic bronchitis, which primarily affects the airways, emphysema predominantly involves the lung parenchyma, where structural damage leads to airflow limitation.PathophysiologyIt most commonly results from prolonged exposure to cigarette smoke and other toxic gases, particularly cigarette smoke.
Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
Atypical Pneumonia01:14

Atypical Pneumonia

Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease include...
Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment01:30

Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment

Pneumonia poses the potential for numerous complications that warrant consideration. These complications include the following:

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Pneumoparotitis with subcutaneous emphysema.

S Balasubramanian1, S Srinivas, K R Aparna

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Kanchi Kamakoti Childs Trust Hospital, T Nagar, Chennai 600034, India.

Indian Pediatrics
|February 6, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A teenager experienced recurrent parotitis, pneumoparotitis, and subcutaneous emphysema from self-induced pneumoinsufflation. Psychological factors, including sibling rivalry, were identified as the cause.

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Pediatric Psychology

Background:

  • Recurrent parotitis can have various causes, necessitating thorough investigation.
  • Self-inflicted injuries in adolescents may present with unusual symptoms.

Observation:

  • An adolescent presented with recurrent bilateral parotitis, pneumoparotitis, and subcutaneous emphysema.
  • The symptoms were linked to a Valsalva-like maneuver causing self pneumoinsufflation.
  • Standard investigations for parotitis were inconclusive.

Findings:

  • The patient exhibited la belle indifference, prolonged school absence, and sibling rivalry.
  • These psychological factors were crucial in identifying the underlying cause of the parotitis.
  • The condition was attributed to self-induced pneumoinsufflation.

Implications:

  • Highlights the importance of considering psychological etiologies in recurrent parotitis.
  • Suggests a link between self-inflicted pneumoinsufflation and parotid gland issues.
  • Emphasizes the role of behavioral and environmental factors in pediatric conditions.